RADT702: Radiographic Pharmacology & Venipuncture

The science dealing with the nature, effects, uses, and origin of drugs is called

a. pharmacokinetics.

b. pharmacodynamics.

c. pharmacology.

d. pharmacotherapy.

c. pharmacology.

A drug agent that promotes bowel evacuation is a(n)

a. parenteral.

b. enteric.

c. exlax.

d. laxative.

d. laxative.

When you ask the pharmacist for the drug diphenhydramine, you are asking for the drug using the drug's _____ name.

a. chemical

b. kinematic

c. brand

d. generic

d. generic

Any characteristic that makes a drug undesirable or improper is its

a. tolerance.

b. solubility.

c. contraindication.

d. unsuitability quotient.

c. contraindication.

Nonprescription drugs are also known as

a. barbiturates.

b. generics.

c. over-the-counter drugs.

d. illegal drugs.

c. over-the-counter drugs.

Common dosage forms of drugs include :

1. suspension.

2. capsule.

3. oral.

4. transdermal.

5. inhalant.

6. parenteral.

7. solution.

a. 3, 6, and 7 only

b. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 only

c. 3, 4, and 7 only

d. 1, 2, 3, and 7 only

b. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 only

Vitamins, herbals, and dietary supplements are classified as

a. over-the-counter drugs.

b. opioids.

c. analgesics.

d. generics.

a. over-the-counter drugs.

All of the following describe pharmacokinetics except

a. excretion.

b. metabolism.

c. filtration

d. absorption.

c. filtration

All of the following are related except

a. Echinacea.

b. Benadryl.

c. 2-diphenylmethoxy-N,N-dimethylethylamine.

d. diphenhydramine.

a. Echinacea.

Reaction to a drug that results in respiratory or circulatory collapse is referred to as

a. tachypnea.

b. epistaxis.

c. dyspnea.

d. anaphylaxis.

d. anaphylaxis.

Some drugs are intended to have slow, uniform absorption over several hours and are said to be extended-release drugs These drugs are designed to permit absorption in the

a. small bowel.

b. stomach.

c. liver.

d. distal colon.

a. small bowel.

Transdermal patches are intended to release a drug over an extended period of time. Particular care must be used with this type of drug administration owing to its design and thin metal backing. The modality of concern in medical imaging would be

a. CT scanning.

b. high resolution sonography.

c. MRI scanning.

d. PET scanning.

c. MRI scanning.

Metformin (Glucophage) is commonly used to treat

a. herpes simplex.

b. type 1 diabetes.

c. bacterial infections.

d. type 2 diabetes.

d. type 2 diabetes.

Name the 6 rights of drug administration.

1. Right Documentation 2. Right Drug 3. Right Amount 4. Right Patient 5. Right Time 6. Right Route

Heart attack patients often take a small tablet of nitroglycerine and put it in their mouth under their tongue, for quick action. This route of administration is

a. oral

b. sublingual

c. buccal

d. topical

b. sublingual

Drugs intended for single use by parenteral administration are typically contained in a(n)

a. angiocath.

b. ampule.

c. foil packet.

d. vial.

b. ampule.

An injection that is given to a patient relies on a(n) _____ route of administration.

a. enteral

b. topical

c. portal

d. parenteral

d. parenteral

When venipuncture is performed on an adult for contrast medium administration,

a. the veins of the arms are preferred injection sites.

b. a 25-gauge needle is preferred to lessen extravasation.

c. delayed reaction to the intravenous injection is routine.

d. All of these

a. the veins of the arms are preferred injection sites.

If you accidentally "prick" yourself with a needle as you perform a venipuncture procedure

a. wipe the puncture site with an alcohol swab immediately and continue.

b. flood the area with water, clean with soap and water, and report the incident.

c. inspect the puncture site for blood and, if none, continue with the venipuncture.

d. immediately place the needle in a "Sharps container" and get a new one to continue.

b. flood the area with water, clean with soap and water, and report the incident.

Sites commonly used for venipuncture include the _____ vein(s).

1. basilic

2. iliac

3. cephalic

4. carotid

5. median cubital

a. 1,3 and 5 only

b. 5 only

c. 3 and 5 only

d. 2, 4, and 5 only

a. 1,3 and 5 only

A popular needle used for venipuncture that has a 3"-12" tubing attached to it, is referred to as a(n)

a. stent.

b. Seldinger needle.

c. butterfly.

d. angiocath.

c. butterfly.

During an intravenous drug administration, a small area around the needle site is growing and swelling. The patient states that the area is starting to burn slightly. In this situation,

a. a high level medical alert is issued.

b. the injection site has become infected.

c. a cold, ice pack needs to be placed on the injection site.

d. extravasation has occurred.

d. extravasation has occurred.

Imaging science professionals working in CT are often required to administer pharmaceuticals to patients to complete an examination. When such is the case, it is important to remember that

a. all medication errors must be corrected by a radiologist.

b. qualified technologists are permitted to enter medication data into patient charts.

c. any charting of medication administered must be entered by a registered nurse.

d. medical errors dealing with medication administration are uncommon.

b. qualified technologists are permitted to enter medication data into patient charts.

The use of contrast material as a means for visualizing human anatomy has a long history. Regardless of the type of contrast media, the purpose for using contrast media is to

a. improve gastric motility and digestion.

b. take advantage of Compton interactions and increase the amount of remnant radiation.

c. enhance the low subject contrast of anatomic structures.

d. improve the contrast between high contrast structures such as bone.

c. enhance the low subject contrast of anatomic structures.

The osmotic effects of ionic contrast agents are a result of the movement of

a. glucose molecules into cells, increasing metabolism.

b. water from the body's cells into the bloodstream, causing increased blood volume and higher blood pressure.

c. water from the blood plasma into cells, causing them to swell and possibly burst.

d. iodine into cells, thereby increasing the cell membrane permeability.

b. water from the body's cells into the bloodstream, causing increased blood volume and higher blood pressure.

Contrast agents can be generally classified as

a. aqueous and gaseous.

b. metallic and nonmetallic.

c. low osmolality and high osmolality.

d. positive and negative.

d. positive and negative.

Contrast media that are high in osmolality can be harmful to patients with compromised renal function. Patients who commonly have compromised kidney function include

a. patients with diabetes.

b. elderly patients.

c. renal dialysis patient

d. All of these

d. All of these

For select examinations, air (negative contrast) and radiopaque contrast are used as a pair to outline mucosal linings, joint interspaces, and passageways. These examinations are considered

a. double-contrast studies.

b. single-contrast examinations.

c. extremely dangerous and rarely done.

d. low-contrast studies.

a. double-contrast studies.

Laboratory tests to assess a patient's BUN and creatinine are used to determine the patient's

a. blood gas levels.

b. glucose levels.

c. liver function.

d. renal function.

d. renal function.

For which reason are nonionic contrast agents preferred over ionic contrast agents?

a. The kidneys filter it faster, thus decreasing the exam time.

b. Less is required to perform an exam.

c. The cost of nonionic is lower.

d. They produce fewer adverse reactions.

d. They produce fewer adverse reactions.

A radiopharmaceutical is

a. a contrast agent.

b. a radioactive material used for nuclear imaging.

c. any medication given to patients in radiology.

d. any medication given by a radiologist.

b. a radioactive material used for nuclear imaging.

The ideal iodinated contrast agent would have what characteristic(s)? 1. High osmolality 2. Low osmolality 3. Nonionic chemical structure 4. Water solubility (hydrophilic) 5. Three or more iodine atoms per molecule

a. 1, 4, and 5 only

b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only

c. 2 only

d. 1, 3, and 5 only

b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only

Negative contrast agents

a. provide high x-ray beam attenuation and absorption.

b. are materials such as bone and metal.

c. have low atomic numbers.

d. are opaque to the transmission of X-rays.

c. have low atomic numbers.

Nonionic low-osmolality contrast agents have gained tremendous popularity with physicians as a safer choice for iodine contrast examinations. It is important to remember that nonionics

a. are more difficult to inject owing to their higher viscosity.

b. cannot be used on patients who have had several CT examinations.

c. are much less expensive than ionics.

d. still pose a risk to renal function.

d. still pose a risk to renal function.

Which concentration percentage of iodine would be found in ionic contrast media?

a. 30 to 50

b. 50 to 70

c. 70 to 80

d. 80 to 90

b. 50 to 70

A double-contrast study of the colon is an example of

a. a low-contrast examination.

b. the use of both a negative and a positive contrast agent on the same image.

c. an exam utilizing twice the volume of contrast media.

d. All of these.

b. the use of both a negative and a positive contrast agent on the same image.

Nonionic iodine contrast agents differ from ionic agents in that nonionics

a. have a small chemical structure and high osmolality.

b. have a low pH.

c. are not triiodinated.

d. do not break down into a cation and an anion.

d. do not break down into a cation and an anion.

Stomach examinations using barium sulfate have some degree of risk for patients who are

a. sedated.

b. mentally disabled.

c. potentially dehydrated.

d. All of these

d. All of these

Most adverse reactions to ionic, iodinated contrast agents are caused by

a. their pH.

b. the presence of iodine.

c. their osmolality.

d. their hydrogen concentration.

c. their osmolality.

An undesirable characteristic of ionic contrast agents is their

a. neutral osmolality.

b. neutral pH.

c. very short persistence in the tissues.

d. dissociation into a cation and an anion when dissolved in plasma.

d. dissociation into a cation and an anion when dissolved in plasma.