Modern Civil Rights Movements

female representation

increasing women’s presence in government and fields like Law and Science

discriminatory laws

targeting unfair marriage and juror regulations

Betty Friedan

author of The Feminine Mystique which challenged the idea of women as solely housewives

Eleanor Roosevelt

led JFK’s commission on the Status of Women, advocating against discriminatory practices

Title VII

section of the Civil Rights Act prohibiting sex discrimination

N.O.W.

National Organization for Women advocating against workplace discrimination

Kamala Harris

first female US vice president

Native American Rights

improving conditions on reservations and fighting discrimination

Alcatraz Occupation

200 Native Americans protested poor reservation conditions on Alcatraz Island

National Day of Mourning

event discussing land theft from Native Americans

N.C.A.I

National Congress of American Indians fighting discriminatory government measures

Indian Nationalism

tribe’s successful resistance against state efforts to take their reservation

A.I.M

American Indian Movement advocating for Native American rights

Chicano Movement

advocating for Mexican American civil rights and cultural recognition

Mendez v. Westminster

ruling against segregating hispanic children in schools

La Raza Unida

political party attracting mexican american college students

Caesar Chavez

leader improving rights of migrant farm workers

Stonewall Riot

1969 event sparking the modern lgbtq rights movement

Marsha P. Johnson

activist and drag queen fighting for gay rights

Harvey Milk

first openly gay man elected to public office in California

Frank Kameny

activist fighting against anti-lgbtq employment policies

Rachel Carson

author of Silent Spring which highlights the dangers of chemical pesticides

Yellowstone National Park

first US national park created in 1872

Forest Reserve Act

legislation allowing the president to establish national forests in 1891

Gifford Pinchot

collaborated with Teddy Roosevelt to manage natural resources efficiently

John Muir

advocated for preserving wilderness and wildlife

New Deal Programs

initiatives like CCC and TVA under FDR to restore forests

Environmental Defense Fund

founded in 1967, promoting organic farming and natural foods

National Environmental Policy Act

1969 law mandating environmental impact statements for federal projects

Earth Day

annual celebrations since 1970 to promote environmental protection

Environmental Protection Agency

established in the 1970s to enforce environmental laws

Clean Air and Clean Water Acts

legislation in the 1970s to regulate air and water pollution

Endangered Species Act

law protecting endangered plants and animals

Acid rain

threatens fish life in 4000 lakes due to pollution

Miranda Rights

rights read to arrested individuals, ensuring awareness and legal representation

Miranda v. Arizona

1966 case established Miranda Rights by Chief Justice Earl Warren

Vega v. Tekoh

2022 ruling limiting rights of individuals denied Miranda warnings

ACLU

advocacy group supporting civil liberties, including Miranda Rights

T.L.O. v. New Jersey

1985 case allowing bag search based on reasonable suspicion

Plyler v. Doe

1982 case protecting immigrant students’ rights to education

Family Education Rights and Privacy Act

1974 law safeguarding educational records privacy

504 sit-in

1977 protest for Section-504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

ensures education rights for people with disabilities

Americans with Disabilities Act

1990 law mandating accessible accommodations for people with disabilities