Benign power piont

who would rarely be treated today since the potential risk is great compared to the expected benefit

infants and children

what kind of radiation protection techniques should be used

meticulous

what were indications treated in the past but are not as common today

plantar warts, tendonitis, bursitis, hemangiomas

what is pterygium

triangular overgrowth of conjunctiva

where does pterygium extend from

inner canthus to border of cornea with apex toward pupil

what kind of environments is pterygium more common in

tropical or coastal environments

what are other factors causing pterygium

exposure to sunlight and chronic dry eye

what can be another name of pterygium

surfer’s eye

what is the tx choice for pterygium

surgery

what percent is the recurrence rate of pterygium with surgery alone

20-30%

what did recurrence rate drop to of pterygium when post op XRT was added

less than 2%

what post op technique involve for pterygium

beta-ray therapy

what source is used in beta ray therapy for pterygium

strontium-90

what is the dose of pterygium for xrt

800-1000cGy

what are the days of tx for xrt of pterygium

0, 7, and 14 days after op

when is xrt effective in pterygium

when it begins near the time of surgery rather than waiting for days to begin

who administers the radiation for pterygium

physician

what is a keloid

enlarging scar

why does a scar form in keloid

excessive amounts of collagen during collective tissue repair

t/f: can keloids be hereditary

true

what kind of ethnicities do higher rate of keloids occur in

african americans

what can keloids cause

pain and itching

when can keloids occur

after infections or burns, but most commonly after traumatic or surgical wounds

what is the recurrence rate of surgery with keloids

high

what percent is the recurrence for keloids after surgery and xrt

less than 3%

what size of keloids in men were more likely to recur

2cm or more

what can replace xrt for keloids treatments

2-3 injections of 5-FU

when is best results achieved for xrt in keloids

within 24hrs after excision

what can be used on keloids without surgery but it does not remove theme

cortison injections

what does xrt alone not effective for in keloids

established keloids

what kind of xrt will be used for keloids

superficial or low energy electron beams with bolus

what else besides a bolus will be used for xrt of keloids

shielding

what will the ports include for xrt of keloids

very small margins

what is the dose and fractions of keloid xrt

1200cgy in 3 fx

t/f: most insurance companies will cover keloid xrt

false

what is arteriovenous malformations

abnormal, tangled collections of dilated blood vessels

what does AVM result from

congenitally malformed vascular structures that allow arterial flow directly into venous without intervening capillary beds

what has been used in recent years to successfully treat AVM

stereotactic radiosurgery, gammaknife, and cyberknife

how many fx has been used for AVM xrt

single or over 3 times

what is the total dose for xrt AVM

1500-3000cgy

what does the radiation cause the AVM to do

close off over a period of 2-3 years

what percent of patients does the xrt cause the AVM to close off over a period of 2-3 years

90%

what size is stereotactic radiation more effective for AVM

less than 2cm

why is standard xrt not used for AVMs but is an option

bc of the precise dose distribution that can be accomplished using SRS, cyberknife, or gammknife

what does HO stand for

heterotopic ossification

what is heterotopic ossification

bone formation at the wrong place upon the wrong part of the body

what percent of pts undergoing hip arthroplasty get a HO

30%

what does HO cause to the patient

clinical impairment, causing pain and limiting range of motion

when will a patient under a radiographically after surgery for HO

2 mo after sx

what percent of pts have the incidence who have a hx of ipsilateral or contralateral HO

80%

what percent of pts have high risk factors of hypertropic osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, diffuse skeletal hyperostosis

60%

what are high risk factors that 60% of pts have with HOhyperostosis

hypertropic osteroarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and diffuse skeletal hyperostosis

where do HO tend to form

bt greater trochanter and ilium & bt lesser trochanter and ischial tuberosity

what is the next common site of the HO

elbow

when is xrt treatment effective in HO

immediate post op

what is the xrt dose and fxof HO

800-1000 cgy in 4-5fx

what do you want to shield in HO during xrt

porous prosthesis

what are other xrt dose given to HO besides 4-5fx

700cgy for single fx preop

what is gynecomastia

excessive development of the male breast

what kind of cancer can gynecomastia be a side effect of

prostate

what percent of men does gynecomastia occur when receiving estrogen or flutamide

90%

what can gynecomastia result in

extreme tenderness of breasts

what can be effective in preventing gynecomastia

breast irradiation given before treatment begins

what is the treatment xrt namefor gynecomastia

breast buds

what kind of xrt is gynecomastia used

electron with bolus

what kind of field is gynecomastia xrt

small square field

what do you include everything of in xrt gynecomastia

all of areola

what is fs of gynecomastia xrt

5×5 or 6×6

how should the beam be positioned in gynecomastia xrt

appositional angles

which sides will be tx in gnecomastia xrt

both

what is dose and fx of xrt gynecomastia

1200-2000cgy in 2-5 fx

what can result in GVHD

transfusion of blood and blood components from donor or 1st family members

what can GVHD result in

moderate complication or can result in death

who is GVHD most commonly seen in

immunocompromised pts

what is effective in preventing GVHD

prophylactic irradiation of blood and components t

what are the recommended limits of xrt dose for blood irradiation

1500-5000cGy

how can xrt be delivered in blood irradiation

linac, 60co, or blood irradiator

what bolus size would you use for blood irradiation

1.5cm

what do you want to set fie

what energies is blood irradiation used for

lowest photon energy available

what setting do MU deliver in blood irradiation

2500cgy

where do they want MUs to deliver in blood irradiation

midline

where do you put half of the dose for blood irradiation

half of dose on one side, interrupt tx, and flip bag to treat remainder of dose