Protozoa with indirect vector-borne lifecycles

Babesia (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: cattle, horses, donkeys

vector: Ixodes ricinus ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus ticks

pathogenesis: redwater, anaemia, abortion

diagnosis: clinical symptoms

epidemiology: asymptomatic carriers, naïve animals develop immunity, acaricides

Theileria spp. (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: cattle, buffalo, sheep

vector: Rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick

pathogenesis: theileriosis, dyspnoea, lymphadenopathy

diagnosis: clinical signs

epidemiology: acaricides, resistance, vaccine

Plasmodium spp. (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: birds

vector: mosquito

pathogenesis: avian malaria, low mortality in indigenous birds, high mortality in commercial flocks

diagnosis: blood smear

epidemiology: reduce mosquito exposure

Leishmania spp (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: dogs

vector: phlebotomine sandfly

pathogenesis: (muco)cutaneous lesions, dermal abnormalities, systemic infection, kidney failure

diagnosis: clinical, lateral flows

epidemiology: vaccination, drugs with frequent, long-term dosage

Trypanosoma

DH: any mammal

Vector: tsetse fly

pathogenesis: sleeping sickness, trypanosomiasis, ill thrift, anaemia

diagnosis: clinical, blood smear

epidemiology: insecticide, therapeutic drugs