PS Spring Final

According to the kinetic theory, all matter is composed of:

Particles

According to Boyle's law, at a constant temp, it the volume of a container of gas is doubled the pressure of the gas will:

Decrease

Which law states that volume increased with temp (at constant pressure)?

Charles's Law

According to Pascal, pressure applied to a fluid:

is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid.

When the temp of a substance is lowered, its particles:

Vibrate more slowly

Temp is defined as the average _ of parties in a substance

Kinetic energy

Hydraulic machines work by applying:

Pascal's principle

Whether an object will sink or float in a fluid is determined by:

Archimedes’ principle

Bernoulli's principle explains why:

Planes fly

Which scientific concept does a Pressure-Volume Changes graph best represent?

Boyle's Law

If a heterogeneous mixture contains liquid and solid particles that settle, it is:

Suspension

If a heterogeneous mixture contains particles that never settle, it is a:

Colloid

Substances formed from atoms of two or more elements

Compound

A substance made up of atoms that are all alike

Element

Which two terms would be considered a pure substance?

Element and compounds

Which of the following is the only sure sign that a chemical change is taking place?

New substances are produced

State the conservation of mass (SA)

Mass that can’t be gained or lost after a chemical rxn

What is the weighted-average mass of all the known isotopes for an element?

Average atomic mass

Two elements with the same # of protons but a diff # of neutrons are called:

Isotope

Two elements with the same # of protons but a diff # of electrons are called:

Ion

Elements that are in the same what have the same number of electrons in their outer electron level?

Group

Which group of elements on the periodic table is unreactive?

Group 18

In the current of the atom, the electrons are located in the:

Electron cloud

The atomic # and name of the element is dictated by what subatomic particle?

Proton

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. What is its mass #? (Math)

56

How many neutrons does lead-207 have? (Math)

207-82=125 Neutrons

A molecule with partially charged areas

Polar molecule

A positively or negatively charged particle

Ion

A chemical bond formed from shared electrons

Covalent bond

Indicates how many electrons must be lost, gained, or shared to achieve stability

Oxidation #

Shows which elements are in a compound and their ratios

Chemical formula

What # of electrons in an outer energy level often results in a stable atom?

8

A chemical bond between oppositely charged ions

Ionic bond

A # that shows the charge of an atom or compound

Oxidation #

The electrons in the HF bond: (picture provided)

Are located on the fluorine more than on the hydrogen atom

Which element is most likely to form an ionic bond with potassium(1+)? (picture provided)

Chlorine

How many electrons are required to complete the outer energy level of a phosphorus atom? (Picture provided)

3

Which of the following may be classified as a binary compound?

NaCl

It would require the greatest energy to remove an electron from which element? (Least reactive (Picture provided))

Ne

Because a water molecule has a slight positive charge at one end and a slight negative charge at the other end, it is a:

Polar

The properties of a compound are what the properties of the elements making up the compound.

DIfferent from

Particles formed by covalent bonds are called:

Molecules

A substance that speeds up a chemical rxn without changing itself

Catalyst

A rxn where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy

Combustion rxn

Can occur in both forward and reverse directions

Reversible rxn

Which type of rxn is shown in the chemical equation 2H20→2H2+02?

Decomposition

Which type of rxn is shown in the chemical equation NH3+HCl→NH4Cl?

Synthesis

Heat Pack

Exergonic, Exothermic

Cold Pack

Endergonic. Endothermic

Glowing firefly

Exergonic

Identify the molar mass of Fe2O3 (Math)

159.687 g/mol

Determine the mass of 5 moles of H2

10.08 g/mol

The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent, often represented with a percentage

Concentration

The max amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temp

Solubility

A solution containing all the solute it can hold at a given temp

Saturated

A solution that produces ions in water, and conducts electricity

Electrolytes

A solution that forms no ions in water and cannot conduct electricity

Nonelectrolyte

Which of the following is a solution?

Salt water

The substance being dissolved is called what?

Solute

Which of the following best describes the process of ionization?

Water pulls apart a molecule into ions

Which of the following types of solutes generally dissolve well in water?

Ionic solids, Polar molecules

Is the image showing dissociation or ionization? Explain. (Pic provided (SA))

Dissociation. Pulling positive and negative ions into solution.

Name 3 things that will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water? (SA)

Stirring, heating, and smashing solute

The ion H3O+

Hydronium

The ion OH-

Hydroxide

Which of the following chemical formulas represents a base?

Ca(OH)2

Which of the following could be a solution of hydrogen chloride in water? (Chart provided)

Solution W (pH 2, dissociation complete)

Which solution has the lowest concentration of hydrogen ions? (Chart provided)

Solution Z (pH 10, dissociation complete)

Which substance would be considered a weak acid? (Chart provided)

Solution X (pH 4, dissociation partial)

The pH of pure water at 25*C is what?

7

An unknown substance in solution is slipper to the touch, dissolves easily in water, and makes litmus paper turn blue. The substance is most likely..?

A base

What is a neutralization rxn?

HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Identify: HCl(g)+H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Strong acid

Identify: CH3COOH(l) + H2O(l) →← H3O+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)

Weak acid

Identify: NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Strong base

Identify: NH3(aq) + H2O(l) →← NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Weak base

Describe a dilute solution of a strong acid (SA)

Has a small amount of acid that has ionized completely

Describe a concentrated solution of a weak acid (SA)

Has a large amount of acid that has only partially ionized

Is tetraphosphorus hexasulfide ionic or covalent?

Covalent

Tetraphosphorus hexasulfide chemical equation

P4S6

Is magnesium oxide ionic or covalent?

Ionic

Magnesium oxide chemical equation

MgO

Is SO2 ionic or covalent?

Covalent

Name of compound SO2

Sulfur dioxide

Name of compound FeCl2

Iron (II) Dichloride

Is FeCl2 ionic or covalent?

Ionic