Masters of Dutch Art Final | Quizlet

Retable of the Crucifixion (interior)

- Jacques de Baerze (sculptor)

- 1391-1399

Title, artist, date?

Retable of the Crucifixion (interior)

- From left to right, it depicts: Saints, Adoration of the Magi, Entombment, and Saints

- Gilded sculpture and polychromy

- Love for details and richness of materials

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Retable of the Crucifixion (exterior)

- Melchior Broederlam (painter)

- 1391-1399

Title, artist, date?

Retable of the Crucifixion (exterior)

- From left to right, it depicts: Annunciation, Visitation, Circumcision, and Flight in to Egypt

- Executed in tempera paint

- Attempt to place figures in 3-D space

- Artificiality versus naturalism

- International Gothic painting: decorative stylization, rich use of colours, but spatially illogical

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Merode Altarpiece OR Annunciation Triptych

- Robert Campin

- 1427-1430

Title, artist, date?

Merode Altarpiece OR Annunciation Triptych

- Left: Donor and his first wife witness the central scene

- Middle: Angel Gabriel is about to tell Mary that she will be the mother of Jesus)

- Right: Joseph (betrothed to Mary) works in his carpenter's shop (signifies growing appreciation for skilled labor in 15th century)

- Oil paint

- Contemporary setting and lack of empty space

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Mystic Lamb OR Ghent Altarpiece (interior)

- Hubert and Jan van Eyck

- 1420s-1432

Title, artist, date?

The Mystic Lamb OR Ghent Altarpiece (interior)

- Made for a city magistrate, not a nobleman

- Honoring St. John in Ghent

- Adam and Eve are distinct from the other figures, with real-looking hair

- Adam's foot sticks out of the painting

- Eve as the mother of sin

- The lamb represents Jesus and his sacrifice

- 24 panels

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Mystic Lamb OR Ghent Altarpiece (exterior)

- Hubert and Jan van Eyck

- 1420s-1432

Title, artist, date?

The Mystic Lamb OR Ghent Altarpiece (exterior)

- Figures painted to look statuesque (grisaille)

- Top to bottom: Prophets and Sibyls, Annunciation, Donors Joos Vijd and Elisabeth Borluut (in color), and Saint John the Baptist and St John (grey)

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Descent from the Cross

- Rogier van de Weyden

- 1436-1438

Title, artist, date?

The Descent from the Cross

- Commissioned by the Guild of Archers (see crossbows in the corners)

- Rhythm in composition through parallels and diagonals (two curved figures facing in on either side; Mary and Jesus in similar positions)

- Play between 2D and 3D with a shallow space but overlapping figures

- Shows passion, sadness, and death among the figures

- Spiritual instead of intellectual; part of 'The modern devotion' which urges people to experience the Word of God personally

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Altarpiece of the Last Supper

- Dirk Bouts

- 1464-1468

Title, artist, date?

Altarpiece of the Last Supper

- Left and Right sides: Precursors

- Center: Last Supper

- Clear, symmetrical; vantage point is the top of Christ's head

- Solemn style with empty spaces

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Arnolfini Portrait

- Jan van Eyck

- 1434

Title, artist, date?

The Arnolfini Portrait

- Personal setting of the bedroom/next to bed

- Maybe a wedding portrait or a posthumous painting (Arnolfini's first wife died; maybe connected to the snuffed candle on her side)

- Detailed fabric/clothing, and very posed

- Mirror used as a signature for van Eyck, and also has another figure (officiating marriage?)

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Altar of the Virgin

- Adriaen van Wesel

- c. 1475 - c. 1477

Title, artist, date?

The Altar of the Virgin

- Commissioned by the Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady

- Group of sculptures; not all fragments have a known location

- Some scenes include the Visitation, the Death of the Virgin Mary, Joseph and musical angels, and the Meeting of the Wise Men

- Liveliness: animated, varied features

- Believable volumes; depth of the relief that enhances light and shadows

- Delivered originally without polychromy in 1477, but the altar was later given two shutters with exteriors painted by Hieronymus Bosch in 1488

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Pedlar OR Wayfarer

- Hieronymus Bosch

- 1500-1510

Title, artist, date?

The Pedlar OR Wayfarer

- Uses/is a tondo: fish-eyed, like a mirror to the viewer; the eye of God

- Represents the everyman (elckerlijc)

- The house is likely a brothel (based on swan sign and the jug on the pole)

- The owl signifies that the man is being watched; the devil lurks

- Shows the story of a human life: a pilgrimage on Earth, between Temptation and Redemption (he is moving away, but looking back)

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Garden of Earthly Delights

- Hieronymus Bosch

- 1503-1515

Title, artist, date?

The Garden of Earthly Delights

- Left: Garden of Eden

- Middle: false Earthly paradise

- Right: Hell

- Tells a chronological story of humans and how civilization is corrupted by foolishness, fornication, greed, and deceit

- Idea that only those who live their lives in total control of their instincts can be saved; most of mankind is doomed

- Very influential style of painting for decades on

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Harvesters

- Pieter Bruegel the Elder

- 1565

Title, artist, date?

The Harvesters

- Summer season of the Labours of the Months (6? panels for a hunting lodge)

- Interested in the quirks of human attitude and the lives of real people

- Painting is signed twice via a signature and an accidental fingerprint

- Emphasis on diagonals

- Lower horizon; panoramic view

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

St Luke Painting the Virgin

- Maarten van Heemskerck

- 1532

Title, artist, date?

St Luke Painting the Virgin

- Jesus depicted as a very muscular baby (idea that Christ was already perfect when he was born)

- Cartellino → a small label on a painting (St Luke and Self Portrait)

- Created in two parts

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Fall of the Titans

- Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem

- c. 1588

Title, artist, date?

Fall of the Titans

- Skin tones: some are red, some almost white; characteristic of mannerism: unrealistic colors

- Pushing elegance and aritificiality to "surpass" nature

- Strategically placed butterflies to pretend that the painting is respectable (no nudity); also adds to the story

- Chthonian creatures → underground creatures → associated with fire, hell, everything that is under us

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Lidded Ewer

- Adam van Vianen

- 1614

Title, artist, date?

Lidded Ewer

- Kwab: auricular (lobed) style

- Gilded silver

- For the Amsterdam guild of silversmiths in honour of Paulus

- Influence from the court of Rudolph II in Prague

- Links with alchemy and prima matera (primordial soup)

- Became so famous that it not only inspired other silversmiths, but also other painters

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp

- Rembrandt van Rijn

- 1632

Title, artist, date?

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp

- Commissioned by a surgeon's guild to paint the portraits of Amsterdam surgeons

- Display of lifelike painting technique

- Significance of the different head facings

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Laughing Cavalier

- Frans Hals

- 1624

Title, artist, date?

Laughing Cavalier

- Natural style of portraiture: natural positions and attitudes

- Looks like it was caught in a moment

- Innovative in smile, pose, and movements

- Broad manner and visible brushstrokes, rapid technique but attention to the textures

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

'The Night Watch'

- Rembrant van Rijn

- 1642

Title, artist, date?

'The Night Watch'

- Kloveniersdolen, Klauwen - claws: Symbolic character, maybe? Almost like an allegorical representation of the Civic Guard

- Has a storied past: once had acid thrown on it, and also was stabbed

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Milkmaid

- Johannes Vermeer

- 1658-1659

Title, artist, date?

The Milkmaid

- Light underlines the position of a monumental figure in space

- Combination of broad impasto (thick, textured use of paint) and smooth brush-work

- Concentration upon a single figure, and also upon women's virtues

- Bright and strongly contrasting colors

- Centralization of women's work

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Flower Vase

- Jan Davidsz. De Heem

- 1670

Title, artist, date?

Flower Vase

- Creates something sort of impossible in order to please the eye: that amount of flowers would not be able to fit in a vase like that; the flowers in the vase do not bloom at the same time

- Illusion and scientific reality in still lifes

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

The Singel Bridge at the Paleisstraat in Amsterdam

- Georg Hendrik Breitner

- 1889

Title, artist, date?

The Singel Bridge at the Paleisstraat in Amsterdam

- Shows the growing influence of photography based on the angle (where someone's face would be, walking down the street)

- Breitner is a painter and photographer, and is heavily inspired by Amsterdam

- Blurry but specific quality (e.g. the dog; face of the women in the foreground)

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Tableau I

- Piet Mondrian

- 1921

Title, artist, date?

Tableau I

- Absolute abstraction, and dynamic balance of vertical and horizontal

- Painting is a fraction of an ongoing grid

- Means of visual expression limited to straight line, right angle, primary colors, and white, black, and grey

- Precision in order to render harmony

- No suggestion of 3D

- Inspired by the jazz bands that played in the American Bars in Paris

- Part of the transdisciplinary movement 'De Stijl,' which advocates for purified abstraction

Title, iconography, main elements of style?

Retable of the Crucifixion OR Crucifixion Altarpiece (interior); Jacques de Baerze

1390-1399

Retable of the Crucifixion OR Crucifixion Altarpiece (exterior); Melchior Broederlam

1390-1399

Merode Altarpiece OR Annunciation triptych; Robert Campin

The Mystic Lamb OR Ghent Altarpiece (interior); Hubert and Jan van Eyck

The Mystic Lamb OR Ghent Altarpiece (exterior); Hubert and Jan van Eyck

The Descent from the Cross; Rogier van der Weyden

Altarpiece of the Last Supper; Dirk Bouts

The Arnolfini Portrait; Jan van Eyck

The Altar of the Virgin; Adriaen van Wesel

The Pedlar OR Wayfarer; Hieronymus Bosch

The Garden of Earthly Delights; Hieronymus Bosch

The Harvesters; Pieter Bruegel the Elder

St Luke Painting the Virgin; Maarten van Heemskerck

Fall of the Titans; Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem

Lidded Ewer; Adam van Vianen

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp; Rembrandt van Rijn

Laughing Cavalier; Frans Hals

'The Night Watch'; Rembrandt van Rijn

The Milkmaid; Johannes Vermeer

Flower Vase; Jan Davidsz. De Heem

The Singel Bridge at the Paleisstraat in Amsterdam; Georg Hendrik Breitner

Tableau I; Piet Mondrian