APHG Unit 7: Industrial Revolution & Economic Sectors

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution and economic sectors, as outlined in lecture notes.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth marked by technological innovation and new production methods.

Urbanization

The process through which cities grow as a result of population migration from rural to urban areas.

Diffusion

The process of spreading ideas, goods, or technology between cultures or regions.

Primary Activities

Economic activities that involve harvesting or extracting raw materials from the earth, such as agriculture and mining.

Secondary Activities

Manufacturing processes that transform raw materials into finished products.

Tertiary Activities

Economic activities that provide services to consumers in exchange for payment, such as retail and education.

Quaternary Activities

High-skill information services that involve knowledge-based tasks such as research and management.

Quinary Activities

The highest level of economic activities, characterized by high-level decision making and executive management.

Exploitation of Resources

The practice of using natural resources to their fullest extent to support industrial processes.

Fordism

A system of mass production using assembly lines, typically leading to standardized products at lower costs.

Post-Fordism

An economic system characterized by flexibility, automation, and the production of diverse products to meet varying customer demands.

Colonialism

The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, often by settling and exploiting it.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Multiplier Effect

An economic principle where an increase in spending leads to an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.

Cottage Industry

A system of production where goods are made at home by individuals or families, often on a small scale.

Transportation Revolution

The rapid development of transportation systems that occurred alongside the Industrial Revolution, facilitating trade and movement.

Relocation Diffusion

The transfer of ideas, goods, or practices from one location to another through migration.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of ideas, goods, or practices through population growth or social contagion without relocation.