Sports Physio

Cardiovascular drift

increased HR after steady state because of thermoregulation and supplying blood to active muscles and the surface of the skin to sweat

Blood vessels during exercise

nitric oxide overrides vasoconstriction and vasodilate vessels to active muscles to redirect blood to tissues that need it

Respiratory system during exercise

increased ventilation when exercising and trying to breathe deep and fast to increase alveolar ventilation, shift oxygen dissociation curve to the right

type I fibers

endurance, high triglyceride (fat) content, high mitochondrial and capillary density

Type II fibers

strength and speed, high glucose content, glycogen, low mitochondrial and capillary density

Endurance cardiovascular adaptations

increase in LV mass and volume so it can contract with more force and fill with more blood, increase in plasma volume, no increase in RBC unless altitude training, increased SV even at rest

Endurance muscular adaptations

increase in mitochondrial density, increase in capillary density (use more O2, deliver more O2)

Endurace respiratory adaptations

no physical adaptations because lungs can’t get bigger and there’s no reason for the lungs to adapt (max ventilation capacity > max exercise ventilation) tendency to breathe deeper

Strength adaptations

hypertrophy and phyerplasia

hypertrophy

increase in cell size, more myofibrils = lift more weight

hyperplasia

increase in cell number

Primary way men get stronger

hypertrophy

primary way women get stronger

neural adaptation, able to stimulate more at a time to lift more, possible for some hypertrophy

muscle mass aging

keep Type I fibers lose Type II

Efferent

somatic and autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic)