Dissection Lab Structures Overview

These flashcards cover key anatomical structures and terms related to dissection labs focused on the pelvic and perineal regions, providing definitions for better understanding.

How do you find the sacrotuberous ligament?

Locate this ligament connecting the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, providing stability to the pelvis.

How do you find the sacrospinous ligament?

Identify this ligament that connects the sacrum to the ischial spine, contributing to the formation of the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

How do you find the greater sciatic foramen?

Look for this opening created by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments, providing passage for structures from the pelvis to the gluteal region.

How do you find the lesser sciatic foramen?

Locate this smaller opening inferior to the greater sciatic foramen, formed by the same ligaments, facilitating passage into the perineal region.

How do you find the obturator internus?

Identify this pelvic muscle that laterally rotates the thigh, covering the obturator foramen and attached to the ischiopubic ramus.

How do you find the piriformis?

Locate this muscle in the posterior pelvis, arising from the sacrum and extending to the greater trochanter of the femur, involved in hip movement.

How do you find the bulbospongiosus muscle?

Identify this muscle surrounding the bulb of the penis or vestibular bulb, playing a critical role in sexual function and urination.

How do you find the ischiocavernosus muscle?

Trace this muscle along the sides of the penis or clitoris, responsible for maintaining erection by compressing the erectile tissues.

How do you find the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

Locate this thin muscle that spans across the perineum, providing support to the pelvic floor.

How do you find the perineal body?

Identify this fibromuscular structure located between the bulb of the penis and the anal canal, serving as an anchor for the pelvic muscles.

How do you find levator ani?

Trace this broad muscle group forming the pelvic floor, which includes several muscles such as the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus.

How do you find the pubococcygeus muscle?

Identify this part of the levator ani that stretches from the pubis to the coccyx, contributing to pelvic support.

How do you find the iliococcygeus muscle?

Locate this muscle of the levator ani that attaches to the ileum and coccyx, assisting in pelvic floor function.

How do you find the puborectalis muscle?

Identify this muscle that forms a sling around the rectum, playing a crucial role in fecal continence.

How do you find the coccygeus muscle?

Locate this small muscle posterior to the levator ani, contributing to pelvic floor support.

How do you find the arcus tendineus of obturator internus?

Trace this fibrous band stretching from the pubis to the ischium, providing a point of attachment for the obturator internus muscle.

How do you find the detrusor muscle?

Identify this muscular layer of the urinary bladder responsible for its contraction during urination.

How do you find the internal pudendal artery?

Trace this artery as it branches from the internal iliac artery, supplying blood to the perineal region and external genitalia.

How do you find the inferior rectal artery?

Locate this artery that branches off the internal pudendal artery, supplying the lower rectum and the anal sphincters.

How do you find the perineal artery?

Identify this artery supplying blood to the perineum and its surrounding structures, branching from the internal pudendal artery.

How do you find the dorsal artery of penis/clitoris?

Trace this artery running along the dorsal aspect of the penis or clitoris to identify its role in erectile function.

How do you find the deep artery of penis/clitoris?

Locate this artery that supplies blood deep within the erectile tissues of the penis or clitoris.

How do you find the ovarian artery?

Identify this artery that branches from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries.

How do you find the testicular artery?

Trace this artery from the abdominal aorta down to the testes, supplying them with blood.

How do you find the common iliac artery?

Locate the bifurcation from the abdominal aorta that divides into the internal and external iliac arteries.

How do you find the external iliac artery?

Identify this artery continuing from the common iliac artery into the thigh, supplying blood to the lower limb.

How do you find the internal iliac artery?

Trace this artery branching from the common iliac artery, supplying pelvic organs and structures.

How do you find the iliolumbar artery?

Identify this artery as it branches from the internal iliac artery to supply the iliac and lumbar regions.

How do you find the lateral sacral artery?

Locate this artery that branches from the internal iliac artery to supply the sacral region.

How do you find the superior gluteal artery?

Trace this artery branching from the internal iliac artery to supply the gluteal muscles and the region around the hip joint.

How do you find the umbilical artery?

Identify this artery that originates from the internal iliac artery, carrying oxygen-poor blood from the fetus to the placenta.

How do you find the superior vesical artery?

Locate this artery that branches from the umbilical artery to supply the superior part of the bladder.

How do you find the obturator artery?

Trace this artery from the internal iliac artery supplying the medial compartment of the thigh.

How do you find the uterine artery?

Identify this artery branching from the internal iliac artery to supply the uterus and nearby structures.

How do you find the vaginal artery?

Locate this artery that supplies blood to the vagina and surrounding tissues, usually branches from the uterine artery.

How do you find the middle rectal artery?

Identify this artery supplying the middle part of the rectum, branching from the internal iliac artery.

How do you find the inferior vesical artery?

Trace this artery supplying the lower part of the bladder in males, originating from the internal iliac artery.

How do you find the inferior gluteal artery?

Locate this artery branching from the internal iliac artery to supply the gluteal region.

How do you find the ovarian vein?

Identify this vein draining blood from the ovary into either the inferior vena cava or renal vein.

How do you find the testicular vein?

Trace this vein that drains blood from the testes into the inferior vena cava or renal vein.

How do you find the pudendal nerve?

Identify the main nerve of the perineum, branching from the sacral plexus to supply sensory and motor functions to the area.

How do you find the inferior rectal nerve?

Locate this branch of the pudendal nerve that innervates the external anal sphincter and surrounding skin.

How do you find the perineal nerve?

Trace this nerve as it supplies motor innervation to the perineal muscles and sensation to the perineum.

How do you find the posterior scrotal/labial nerve?

Identify these branches of the perineal nerve supplying sensation to the posterior aspect of the scrotum or labia.

How do you find the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris?

Locate this nerve that runs along the dorsum of the penis or clitoris, providing sensory innervation.

How do you find the lumbosacral trunk?

Trace this nerve connecting the lumbar plexus to the sacral plexus, contributing to the innervation of the lower limb.

How do you find the obturator nerve?

Identify this nerve that innervates the medial compartment of the thigh, arising from the lumbar plexus.

How do you find the ventral rami of sacral nerves (S1–S4)?

Locate these nerve roots that emerge from the sacral spinal cord, joining to form the sacral plexus.

How do you find the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Trace these nerves that carry parasympathetic fibers to the pelvic organs, branching from the sacral spinal nerves.

How do you find the sympathetic chain?

Identify this collection of sympathetic ganglia running parallel to the vertebral column, influencing autonomic functions.

How do you find the sacral splanchnic nerves?

Locate these connective nerves from the sympathetic chain to the pelvic viscera.

How do you find the ischioanal fossa?

Identify this space on either side of the anal canal, filled with fat and allowing for expansion during defecation.

How do you find the pudendal canal?

Trace this canal created by obturator internus fascia, housing the pudendal nerve and vessels as they pass through the perineum.

How do you find the rectovesical pouch?

Locate this potential space in males between the rectum and the bladder.

How do you find the uterovesical pouch?

Identify this space found in females between the uterus and bladder, relevant for various clinical assessments.

How do you find the fundiform ligament?

Trace this ligament that supports the penis at the pubic symphysis, providing structural support.

How do you find the penile suspensory ligament?

Locate this ligament extending from the pubic bones to the base of the penis, aiding in its stability.

How do you find the deep investing fascia (Buck’s fascia)?

Identify this fascia surrounding the erectile tissues of the penis, playing a role in maintaining erection.

How do you find the corpus cavernosum?

Locate this paired erectile tissue in the penile shaft that engorges with blood during arousal.

How do you find the crus of the penis?

Trace the proximal extensions of the corpus cavernosum anchoring to the ischial pubic ramus.

How do you find the bulb of the penis?

Identify the structure at the base of the penis, part of the corpus spongiosum, crucial for erection.

How do you find the corpus spongiosum?

Locate this erectile tissue surrounding the urethra in the penis, maintaining patency during erection.

How do you find the tunica albuginea (penis)?

Identify the dense connective tissue layer surrounding the corpus cavernosum and providing structural support.

How do you find the penile (spongy) urethra?

Trace this segment of the urethra that runs through the penis, allowing for the passage of urine and semen.

How do you find the cremaster muscle?

Locate this muscle that surrounds the spermatic cord, aiding in temperature regulation of the testes.

How do you find the spermatic cord?

Identify the bundle of nerves, blood vessels, and ductus deferens extending from the abdomen to the testes.

How do you find the internal spermatic fascia?

Trace this layer of tissue covering the spermatic cord and testis, offering protection.

How do you find the ductus deferens?

Locate this muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

How do you find the testicular artery?

Identify this artery supplying blood to the testes, branching from the abdominal aorta.

How do you find the pampiniform plexus?

Trace the network of veins surrounding the spermatic cord that helps in thermoregulation of arterial blood going to the testes.

How do you find the tunica vaginalis?

Locate this serous membrane covering the testes, providing a lubricated space.

How do you find the tunica albuginea (testes)?

Identify the dense fibrous layer surrounding each testis, providing structural support.

How do you find the epididymis?

Trace this coiled structure located on the posterior aspect of the testes, responsible for sperm maturation.

How do you find the head of the epididymis?

Identify the upper part of the epididymis where sperm enters from the testis.

How do you find the tail of the epididymis?

Locate the lower part of the epididymis that connects to the ductus deferens.

How do you find the seminal vesicle?

Trace these paired glands located posterior to the bladder that produce seminal fluid nourishing sperm.

How do you find the prostate?

Identify the gland surrounding the prostatic urethra, producing secretions that contribute to semen.

How do you find the prostatic urethra?

Locate this portion of the urethra that runs through the prostate gland.

How do you find the membranous urethra?

Identify this short segment of the urethra that passes through the pelvic floor.

How do you find the labia majora?

Trace the outer folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening, providing protection.

How do you find the labia minora?

Identify the inner folds of skin located within the labia majora.

How do you find the vestibule?

Locate the space between the labia minora, containing the urethral and vaginal openings.

How do you find the urethral orifice?

Identify this opening located anterior to the vaginal orifice, allowing urine passage.

How do you find the clitoris?

Trace this erectile tissue located at the anterior junction of the labia minora, crucial for sexual arousal.

How do you find the corpus cavernosum (clitoris)?

Locate the paired structures found in the clitoris, responsible for its erectile function during arousal.

How do you find the crus of the clitoris?

Identify the extensions of the corpus cavernosum anchoring to the pubic bone, aiding in clitoral response.

How do you find the vestibular bulb?

Trace the erectile tissue located on either side of the vaginal opening, contributing to the clitoral and vaginal sensations.

How do you find the ovary?

Identify this almond-shaped organ located lateral to the uterus, responsible for producing oocytes and hormones.

How do you find the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Locate the ligament connecting the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall, containing vessels and nerves.

How do you find the ovarian ligament?

Trace this ligament connecting the ovary to the uterus, providing support during female reproductive processes.

How do you find the uterine tube?

Identify the muscular tube extending from the ovary to the uterus, playing a role in ovum transport.

How do you find the fimbriae?

Locate the finger-like projections at the end of the uterine tube that help guide the ovum after ovulation.

How do you find the infundibulum of the uterine tube?

Identify this funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube adjacent to the ovary.

How do you find the isthmus of the uterine tube?

Trace the narrow section of the uterine tube closest to the uterus, where fertilization often occurs.

How do you find the uterus?

Locate this hollow organ situated in the pelvic cavity, where fetal development occurs during pregnancy.

How do you find the round ligament of the uterus?

Identify this ligament extending from the uterus to the labia majora, helping to maintain the uterus's position.

How do you find the body of the uterus?

Trace the central part of the uterus, which enlarges during pregnancy.

How do you find the fundus of the uterus?

Locate the rounded top portion of the uterus above the body, often where the placenta implants.

How do you find the cervix?

Identify the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, acting as a passageway for menstruation and childbirth.

How do you find the vagina?

Trace the muscular tube extending from the external genitalia to the cervix, important for intercourse and childbirth.