Music Cultures

Ghost Dance

Religious movement. Originates with Wovoka near Nevada reservation.

The Sun Dance ( Wi- wanyang-wacipi )

Takes place in late July, early August. Circular space, at the center is the Sacred tree. Arbors created for non- dancers, surrounding the circle. Ceremony incorporates singing, dancing, and piercing of skin.

* was banned in 1883 by the U.S. Indian Agency.

Lakota orgins/beliefs

came from people who lived in Wind Cave in Black Hills (Paha Sapa) of SD. They moved from between Plains and Eastern Woodlands.

Lakota people

Members include 7 tribes that speak Lakota. Now located in North and South Dakota. With Dakota and Nakota people form: Great Sioux Nation.

tribal music

A music from certain tribes

intertribal music

musical genres or practices shared among number of tribes.

Tradition (ethonomusicaology definition)

the study of music in its social and cultural context.

Six Nation reserve

the largest First nations reserve in Canada. Th nation consists of Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Onondaga, and Tuscarora. They are unified under the Great Tree of Peace.

Call and Response

is a succession of 2 distinct phrases usually written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first.

Vocable

are “meaningless syllables. “The thought came from emotions, not rational thought.

Curt Saches 1881-1959

A prominent American ethnomusicologist in the 1930s. He wrote about how music “evolved” in the world. And he looks at how instruments are used.

evolutionary model of music

society pass through series of stages. from stone age men -→ modern civilization. some cultures become isolated, frozen. begin to advance again once come into contact with other cultures. the audio counterpart to evolutionary art.

lokota

Native AMerican people. they are of the three prominent subcultures of the sioux people.

the great sioux nation

the traditional political structure of the Sioux in North America.

Lokota orgin myths

they believe that everyone has a spirit, including trees, rocks, rivers, and almost every natural being.

white buffalo calf women

a sacred women of supernatural orgin, central of the Lakota religion as the primary cultural prophet.

waci, wacipi

waccipi, is the traditional celebration of life. Waci is the term for white man, or non-indian.

sun dance

an ancient annual renewal ritual held around summer solstice. involves 2-4 days spent dancing.

wounded knee

small town important in Native american history, it is a symbolic moment in the relationship between native americans and white settlers.

ghost dance songs

songs accompanied the dance itself, which was a version of the communal dance form long present in North America.

buffalo bill’s wild west

A show that opened in LOndon, that gave international audiences their first glimpse of the American wild west. The show would go on to entertain audiences throughout Europe.

William COdy

KNown as Buffalo bill was am American soilder and showman

black elk

Oglala Lakota holy man. Lakota medicine man, traveled with Buffalo Bill. Ran and owned native shows

Indian perfomers pros and cons

pros: they are able to show people the real life or ways of indians. COns: they were limited to show the audiences the real side of it.

characteristics of lakota singing

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vocal quality

melody- descending melodies, which eventually flatten.

powwow

is a gathering with dances held by many native americans and first nation communites.

Northern style: high pitched and singind techniques uses tense vocal cords.

Northern Vs Sounthern

northern: high pitched singing technique that uses tense vocal cords. influenced by Lakota singing.

* honor beats during B section

Southern: lower pitched singing technique that uses chest voice. Similar to pawnee singing.

* honor beats between A & B

NA drums are made using combanation of cow, elk, and deer hid.

harmony in indian terminology

a good life consists of happy healthy harmonies.

honor beats

accented drum beats

in the center: the dancers

the drums and adience

concessions and encampents

regalia

items worn by chiefs, headdresses

grass dancing men

also known as Omaha dance. pow wow dancing originating in the warrior societies on the nothern great plains.

men and women traditional dancning

free form style. fancy dancing. Dance of the young. Dancers wear bustles made of feathers.

women’s jingle dancing

believed to have spiritual, healing powers