Geometry: Key Terms and Concepts for Parallelograms, Polygons, and Solids
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26 Terms
Altitude of a Parallelogram
A perpendicular segment between any two parallel bases.
Altitude of a
Prism or Cylinder
A segment perpendicular to the bases that joins the planes of the bases.
Altitude of a Pyramid or
Cone
A segment perpendicular to the base that has the vertex as one endpoint and a point in the plane of the base as the other endpoint.
Apothem
A perpendicular segment between the center of a regular polygon and a side of the polygon or the length of that line segment.
Axis Symmetry
If a figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation between 0° and 360° in a line.
Base of a Parallelogram
Any side of a parallelogram.
Center of a Regular Polygon
The center of the circle circumscribed about a regular polygon.
Central Angle of a Regular Polygon
An angle with its vertex at the center of a regular polygon and sides that pass through consecutive vertices of the polygon.
Composite Figure
A figure that can be separated into regions that are basic figures, such as triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, and circles.
Composite Solid
A three-dimensional figure that is composed of simpler solids.
Congruent Solids
Solid figures that have exactly the same shape, size, and a scale factor of 1:1.
Conic Sections
Cross sections of a right circular cone.
Cross Section
The intersection of a solid and a plane.
Density
A measure of the quantity of some physical property per unit of length, area, or volume.
Diameter of a Sphere
A chord that passes through the center of a circle or sphere.
Height of a Parallelogram
The length of an altitude of the parallelogram.
Height of a Trapezoid
The perpendicular distance between the bases of a trapezoid.
Lateral Area
The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of the figure.
Lateral Faces
The faces that join the bases of a solid.
Plane Symmetry
When a plane intersects a three-dimensional figure so one half is the reflected image of the other half.
Radius of a Regular Polygon
The radius of the circle circumscribed about a regular polygon.
Radius of a Sphere
A line segment from the center to a point on a circle or sphere.
Regular Pyramid
A pyramid with a base that is a regular polygon.
Sector
A region of a circle bounded by a central angle and its intercepted arc.
Similar Solids
Solid figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size.
Solid of Revolution
A solid figure obtained by rotating a shape around an axis.