Hardy Weinberg (no problems)

Why doesn’t natural selection affect the frequency of neutral mutations.

It does not help a species survive or reproduce so it is unaffected.

What can cause a mutation that was once neutral or even lethal to become favored?

If the environment changes and the mutation is now beneficial

What is a gene pool?

All of the alleles of all the genes of a population

What is allele frequency?

The frequency of a particular allele within a population

What is microevolution?

Any change in allele frequencies within a population

What is genetic equilibrium.

Condition in which the allele frequencies remain stable from one generation to the other (no evolution).

What will keep a population in genetic equilibrium?

No mutations, a large population, no migration in or out of the population, random mating, and no natural selection.

What are the Hardy Weinberg formulas?

p² + 2pq + q² = 1 and p + q = 1

What is p²?

Frequency of the population that are homozygous dominant

What is 2pq?

Frequency of the population that are heterozygous

What is q²?

Frequency of the population that are recessive

What is p?

frequency of the dominant allele in a population

What is q?

Frequency of the recessive allele in a population?

Two common misconceptions about the Hardy Weinberg variables p and q?

p doesn’t have to equal q to be in equilibrium. p doesn’t have to be higher than q (dominance doesn’t mean it is more frequent).