ACE_Chapter 2 (Textbook Notes)

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering behavioral science, environmental factors of exercise, communication strategies, and the ACE-specific coaching models.

Determinants for physical activity

Those factors that include a person's decision to engage in physical exercise behavior, categorized into personal attributes, environmental factors, and physical activity factors.

Physical activity history

The most reliable predictor of current participation in supervised exercise programs, consistent regardless of sex, obesity, or coronary heart disease status.

Health perception

A factor linked to adherence where individuals who perceive their health to be poor are unlikely to be physically active or may participate at a low intensity and frequency.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCD)

Diseases resulting from modifiable behaviors that kill millions each year, including $1.65\,million$ alcohol-related deaths and $1.6\,million$ deaths attributed to physical inactivity.

Cisgender

A person whose gender identity and expression match the sex assigned at birth.

Transgender

A person whose gender identity and expression do not match their birth sex.

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI)

Principles maintaining mindfulness of how social identities like race, gender, and sexual identity impact exercise adherence and participation barriers.

Rapport

A relationship of trust and mutual understanding established through thorough interactions rooted in empathy.

Empathy

The ability to perceive the perspective and emotions of others and cognitively and emotionally resonate with them to promote behaviors that help others.

Active listening

A communication skill involving asking open-ended questions and using body language to demonstrate attentiveness, empathy, and genuine concern.

OARS

An acronym for foundational person-centered communication skills: Open-ended questions, Affirming, Reflecting, and Summarizing.

Reflective listening

A strategy where the GFI clarifies the main points and feelings expressed by a participant to deepen understanding and seek clarification.

Cultural competence

The ability to understand and interact effectively with people from other cultures by acknowledging personal biases and learning about new cultures.

Health Belief Model

A model stating that a person's ideas about illness, prevention, and treatments influence their decision to change health behaviors based on perceived susceptibility and seriousness.

Transtheoretical Model of behavior change (TTM)

A theory focusing on individual readiness for change through five stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Pre-contemplation stage

The stage where individuals are physically inactive and do not intend to begin an activity program, often discounting the importance of exercise.

Contemplation stage

The stage where individuals are inactive but thinking about becoming more active in the near future, specifically within the next $6\,months$.

Preparation stage

The stage marked by sporadic or inconsistent physical activity as individuals prepare to adopt a regular activity program.

Action stage

The stage where individuals are engaging in regular physical activity but have been doing so for less than $6\,months$.

Maintenance stage

The stage marked by regular physical activity participation for longer than $6\,months$.

Self-efficacy

The belief in one's perceived ability to successfully achieve a particular goal or perform a specific task.

Decisional balance

The evaluation of the pros and cons an individual perceives regarding the adoption or maintenance of an activity program.

Self-determination theory

A theory examining innate basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—to support intrinsic motivation.

Autonomous motivation

Motivation where people feel as if they are behaving of their own free will and doing something because they want to do it.

Controlled motivation

Motivation where people feel pressured to perform a behavior due to demands from external forces or factors.

Task-involving climate

An environment that promotes a focus on individual effort and improvement, making every participant feel valued and welcomed.

Ego-involving climate

An environment that highlights the most skilled participants and encourages rivalry, which can lead to anxiety or exhaustion.

Caring climate

A supportive environment that fosters a sense of belonging where participants feel their exercise leaders have genuine concern for their well-being.

ACE mover method

A participant-centered philosophy recognizing participants as experts on themselves and utilizing powerful open-ended questions.

ACE ABC approach

A one-on-one communication method consisting of three steps: Ask open-ended questions, Break down barriers, and Collaborate.

ACE RRAMP approach

A framework for communicating with a class as a whole involving Respect, Recognition, Alignment, Mistakes, and Participation.

SMART goals

A guideline for effective goal development: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

Cognitive distortions

Irrational thought patterns such as all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralizing, and magnification that can interfere with a participant's well-being or progress.