An Tech IV: Final Study Guide

Which type of fluids would be used for SQ fluids? At what temperature?

• Isotonic crystalloids

• Body temperature

What fluids would be contraindicated to us for SQ fluids?

• Fluids with Dextrose in them

  • Sugar can be bacterial causing/irritating to the tissues.

• KCl

  • Can cause cardiac problems and hyperkalemia, even leading to death.

What is considered the "maintenance fluid”?

Hypotonic fluids.

When would we use hypotonic fluids?

• Replace free water deficit

• Treat hypernatremia

• Pts. with heart + chronic kidney disease

When would we use isotonic fluids?

• Resuscitation

• Rehydration

• Ongoing losses

• Maintenance

• Diuresis

• Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

When would we use hypertonic fluids?

• Rapid resuscitation

• Severe hypovolemia

• Head/brain trauma

• Severe hypotension

Name examples of ISOtonic fluids.

• 0.9% NaCl

• BES

  • LRS

  • Normosol R

  • Plasmalyte

Name examples of HYPOtonic solutions.

• Dextrose 5% in water

• 0.45% NaCl

• Normosol

• Plasmalyte 56

Name examples of HYPERtonic fluids.

• 3% NaCl

• 7% NaCl

• 23% NaCl— diluted to 7.5%

What information needs to be written on a label and placed on a bag of fluids when medications are added? Why is this important?

• Bright label

• Name of additive

• How much (mg/ml) was added

• When (date and time)

• Your initials

• Recipients name

Important because it prevents any mixups or fatal medication errors.

When would you use SQ fluids?

• Mild dehydration (less than 7%)

• Prevent dehydration

• Financial issues

• Chronic illness

What are ways to asses dehydration?

• BW change overtime

• Skin turgor

• MM

• HR

• Peripheral pulse palpation

• Position of eyes in orbit

• CRT

What are signs of fluid overload?

• Peripheral edema

• Couch

• Increased respiratory rate

• Serous nasal discharge

• Restlessness

• V/D

• Pulmonary edema/perfusion