supporting studied

Gottesman and shield - bio

Longitudinal study, twins were diagnosed with SZ and found that MZ twins had 42% of their co twins also diagnosed with a severe Sz. Whereas DZ twins only had 9% prevalence for their cotwins. MZ twins had higher concordance rate → leading to a genetic element explains SZ

Coccarro →

Found in their study of male twins , there was a high chance of aggression found in both MZ and DZ suggesting that impulse aggression could be partly due to genetic factors. → measured by a item questionnaires assessing various emotional traits that compared scores of each member of the twin pairs.

Heston adoption study

Investigated if children with SZ mothers would develop SZ even when separated by adoption. P - 4 condition - child had to be no contact with mom there, if they did they would be excluded. 47 participants, 50 in control assessing their psychiatric traits through personal files, school record, interviews. 2 psychiatrists checked these files. F- 10.6% concordance rate with those with SZ mothers getting SZ. And 0% for control. Conclusion - genetics play a role in rate of SZ but there are extraneous factors that have an effect.

Brendegen

Aim was to investigate if social aggression could cause physical aggression, if they had the same cause and if one could lead to another.

Producedure - 234 twin pairs data gathered longitudinally over 60 months. Data gathered over the spring term to ensure that the twins and peers knew each other well to provide valid observations of behaviour. The study had two separate rating, teacher and peer on a 3 point scale. And given a physical and social aggression scale from the ratings.

Results - MZ has a higher concordance to be physically aggressive, while social was higher concordance for DZ showing that aggression may have a genetic component and social aggression may be caused by environmental factors. There was a correlation between physical and social aggression showing that physical aggression may lead to physical aggression but not the other way round

Conclusion - seems to be a strong genetic component to physical aggression but not social aggression most likely due to environmental effects. Children who display physical aggression were more likely to be socially aggression possibly due to the interaction between genes and environment, SDM

Palombo cognitive

Conducted a survey of autobiographical memory scored on a 5 point linker, those with high or low episodic memory also scored high or low on semantic memory so we either have good or poor memeory recall