Section IV: Arab Crisis - Collapse of the Soviet Union

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Last updated 7:09 PM on 6/4/26
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11 Terms

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Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

  • Founded in 1964 to represent the Palestinian people.

  • Sought to establish an independent Palestinian state.

  • Later recognized Israel and pursued diplomacy under Yasser Arafat.

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Six-Day War

  • Brief war between Israel and neighboring Arab states (Egypt, Jordan, Syria).

  • Israel captured Gaza, West Bank, East Jerusalem, Sinai, and Golan Heights.

  • Major turning point in the Arab-Israeli conflict.

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Resolution 242

  • Called for Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories.

  • Emphasized the right of all states to live in peace.

  • Became the basis for later Middle East peace negotiations.

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Yom Kippur War

  • Surprise attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria.

  • Aimed to regain land lost in the Six-Day War.

  • Led to later peace talks, especially between Egypt and Israel.

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Camp David Accords

  • Peace agreement brokered by the United States.

  • Signed by Egypt and Israel.

  • Led to Egypt recognizing Israel and Israel returning the Sinai Peninsula.

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Balfour Declaration

  • British statement supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

  • Issued during World War I.

  • Contributed to long-term Arab-Jewish tensions in the region.

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Prague Spring (1968)

  • Reform movement in Czechoslovakia promoting political freedom.

  • Led by Alexander Dubček.

  • Crushed by a Soviet-led invasion, ending reforms.

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Ronald Reagan

  • U.S. President from 1981–1989.

  • Strongly opposed communism and the Soviet Union.

  • Increased military spending and later engaged in arms reduction talks.

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Glasnost

  • Soviet policy meaning “openness.”

  • Allowed greater freedom of speech and press.

  • Reduced government censorship in the USSR.

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Perestroika

  • Soviet policy meaning “restructuring.”

  • Reformed the economy by introducing limited market elements.

  • Aimed to fix economic stagnation but weakened central control.

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Mihail Gorbachev 

  • Leader of the Soviet Union (1985–1991).

  • Introduced glasnost and perestroika reforms.

  • Played a key role in ending the Cold War.