Dental Technology and Oral Anatomy Review

Practice flashcards covering dental technology terminology, tooth formation, jaw relationships, and prosthetic fabrication based on lecture notes.

What are the definitions of cohesion and adhesion?

Cohesion is the attraction between two like materials or surfaces, while adhesion is the attraction between two unlike materials or surfaces.

What is the difference between syneresis and imbibition in dental materials?

Syneresis is the loss of water from a gel (e.g., alginate) which causes shrinkage, whereas imbibition is the absorption of water.

How are occlusion and articulation defined in dental terms?

Occlusion is the relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth at rest, while articulation is the relationship when the maxillary and mandibular teeth are in contact while the jaw is in motion.

What is the difference between a periodontal splint and a gunning splint?

A periodontal splint is made for a dentate mouth (a patient with teeth), while a gunning splint is made for an edentulous mouth (a patient with no teeth).

What are the three types of partial denture (PD) support according to Beckertus?

1. Tooth-supported: receives support from abutment teeth on both ends of the saddle. 2. Tissue-supported: receives support from underlying tissue on both ends. 3. Tooth-tissue supported: support comes from teeth on one end and tissue on the other.

What is Centric Occlusion, also known as Maximum Intercuspation Position?

It is the position of the jaw or mandible when the maxillary and mandibular teeth are in maximum intercuspation.

What is the purpose of electrolytic polishing?

It is the process of removing a thin layer from a metal through electrolysis to give it a smooth and shiny surface.

Define the Beilby layer.

The Beilby layer is a thin, smooth, and glossy physical layer (not chemical) that forms on a material, especially metals, after they are finely polished.

How are retention and stability defined for a denture?

Retention is the ability of a denture to stay in its position or path of insertion without displacement. Stability is the ability to withstand horizontal forces and resist displacement by functional stress.

Order the sequence of tooth formation and identify the responsible cells.

Tooth formation starts with dentin (odontoblasts), followed by enamel (ameloblasts via amelogenesis), and finally cementum (cementoblasts via cementogenesis).

What is the normal range for acid-base balance (pH) in body fluids?

The normal range is between a $pH$ of $7.35$ and $7.45$.

What are the total number of cranial nerves (CN) and their basic types?

There are a total of $12$ nerves, which can be sensory, motor, or a combination of both.

What are the three major salivary glands?

Parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland.

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation identified in the notes?

Redness, Pain, Swelling, and Heat.

Contrast gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis is a disease affecting the gum that is reversible with correct treatment and hygiene. Periodontitis is the inflammation of the gum involving ligaments and bone; it results from untreated gingivitis and is not reversible.

What is Edward Angle's classification of malocclusion?

Neutro-occlusion (Class I), Disto-occlusion (Class II), and Mesio-occlusion (Class III).

Define the Curve of Spee and the Curve of Monson.

The Curve of Spee is the natural curvature of the occlusal surfaces of the lower teeth from the canine to the last molar. The Curve of Monson is an ideal three-dimensional occlusal curvature combining the Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson.

What are the three types of face profiles according to mandibular alignment?

1. Mesognathic: Maxillae and mandible are relatively aligned. 2. Prognathic: Maxillae is protruded while the mandible is retruded (convex). 3. Retrognathic: Maxillae is retruded while the mandible is protruded (concave).

What is a Pontic and an Abutment?

A Pontic is an artificial tooth that replaces a missing tooth. An Abutment is a tooth or implant that acts as a support and helps retain a prosthesis.

What is the Cusp of Carabelli?

It is the fifth cusp found on the maxillary first permanent molar, located at the mesiolingual (palatal) area.

What is the difference between annealing and tempering?

Annealing involves heating metal to a high temperature and cooling it slowly to make it soft and workable. Tempering involves reheating a hardened metal to a lower temperature and air-cooling it to reduce brittleness and increase toughness.

What occurs if acrylic resin is processed at a temperature beyond $100.3\,^\circ\text{C}$?

It causes porosity, dimensional changes, discolouration, and incomplete polymerization.

What is the standard ratio for mixing acrylic polymer and monomer?

A $2:1$ ratio.