ASU ENG 201 Midterm

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Last updated 10:24 PM on 3/5/25
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37 Terms

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Rhetoric
A faculty of finding the available means of persuasion.
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Analysis
Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
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Logical Fallacy
A flaw in the structure of a deductive argument that makes it useless.
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Classical Argument
Follows a strict, linear structure with clearly defined sections.
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Contemporary Argument
May be more flexible in organization depending on context and desired effect.
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Claim
A statement that someone says is true, or a demand for something believed to be due.
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Deductive Reasoning
A logical process that can only lead to a single conclusion, often using a top-down approach.
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Inductive Reasoning
A logical process that allows for more variability and more than one possible conclusion.
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Syllogism
A logical argument that uses a major premise and a minor premise to arrive at a conclusion.
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Enthymeme
A logical statement (syllogism) with an implied premise.
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Evidence
The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
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Qualifiers
Words or phrases that modify the meaning of another word, limiting or enhancing its meaning.
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Ethos
An appeal to ethics and credibility.
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Logos
An appeal to logic and reason.
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Pathos
An appeal to emotion.
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Kiaros
An appeal to timeliness.
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Telos
A term referring to purpose or attitude.
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Hasty Generalization

A conclusion that is not justified by logical evidence (Ex: All sports car drivers are so aggressive)


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Strawman Fallacy
Changing an opponent's argument to something they didn't say to gain an advantage.
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Appeal to Ignorance
Assumes a claim is true or false because there is no evidence to the contrary.
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False Analogy
Assumption that because two things are alike in some respects, they are alike in others.
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Either… Or Fallacy
The suggestion that only two alternatives exist when in fact there are more.
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Causal Fallacy (Post Hoc)
Assuming one event caused another because it occurred earlier.
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Circular Reasoning
An argument that restates the point instead of providing evidence.
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Slippery Slope Fallacy
Assumption that if one thing happens, terrible events will follow.
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Bandwagon Appeal (Ad Populum)
Claim that an idea should be accepted because a large number of people believe it.
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Ad Hominem
An attack on the person proposing an argument rather than on the argument itself.
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Red Herring
An argument that focuses on an irrelevant issue to detract attention from the real issue.
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Appeal to Authority
Arguing that an appeal is valid because an 'expert' supports it, despite lack of actual expertise.
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5 Canons of Rhetoric
1. Invention, 2. Arrangement, 3. Style, 4. Memory, 5. Delivery.
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Plato's Theory of Forms
Asserts that ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world and knowledge comes from abstract thinking.
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Aristotle's view on knowledge
Believed that knowledge comes from observing and studying the physical world.
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Cicero's beliefs
Emphasized natural law, importance of education, and balance of political power.
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Sophists
Itinerant teachers in ancient Greece who specialized in rhetoric and public speaking.
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Relativism vs Universalism
Relativism focuses on winning the argument; Universalism aims for a universal idea of truth.
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Toulmin Structure
Builds a logical argument by outlining a claim, supporting evidence (grounds), and reasoning (warrant).
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Rogerian Structure
Prioritizes finding common ground with opposing viewpoints to build consensus.