Pulmonary Examination

What is the normal value for a patient’s temperature?

98.6

What is a normal value for an adult’s heart rate?

60-100

What is a normal value for an infant’s heart rate?

120

What is a normal value for an adult’s blood pressure?

120/80

What is a normal value for an infant’s blood pressure?

75/50

What is a normal value for an adult’s respiratory rate?

12-20

What is a normal value for a child’s respiratory rate?

20-25

What is a normal value for a toddler’s respiratory rate?

20-40

What is considered an adult?

greater than 18 years

What is considered a child?

6-8 years

What is considered a toddler?

1-3 years

What is considered an infant?

birth - 1 year

What is a normal value for an infant’s respiratory rate?

30-60

What is the normal value for PaO2?

90-100

What is the normal value for SpO2?

98-100%

What is the normal value for PaCO2?

35-45

What is the normal value for pH?

7.35-7.45

What is the normal value for tidal volume?

500

Describe right sided CHF

buildup of pressure in veins

What are the hallmark signs of right sided CHF?

peripheral edema

jugular vein distention

Describe left sided CHF

backup in lungs

What are the hallmark signs of left sided CHF?

shortness of breath

crackles

What does the patient’s color cyanosis mean?

acute hypoxemia

What does digital clubbing indicate?

chronic hypoxemia

If a patient is sitting while leaning forward with arms extended and hands placed on seat what does this indicate?

places thorax in inspiratory position and allows additional recruitment of muscles for inspiration

What does the sputum color clear mean?

normal

What does the sputum color yellow mean?

cold

What does the sputum color green mean?

bacterial infection

What does the sputum color pink frothy mean?

pulmonary edema due to CHF

What does the sputum color red mean?

bleeding

What does the sputum color brown mean?

blood or dirt

What does the sputum color black mean?

fungal infection

smoking

What does the sputum fetid mean?

foul smelling

What does the sputum frothy mean?

pulmonary edema

heart failure

What does the sputum mucoid mean?

COPD

asthma

acute viral infections

Describe mucoid sputum

thick

clear

white

gray

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for consolidations (pneumonia)?

increased

What are the assessment findings for percussion for consolidations (pneumonia)?

dull

What are the assessment findings for consolidations (pneumonia) for breath sounds?

absent or decreased

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for bronchitis?

decreased

What are the assessment findings for percussion for bronchitis?

resonant

What are the assessment findings for breath sounds for bronchitis?

normal to decreased

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for emphysema?

decreased

What are the assessment findings for percussion for emphysema?

hyperresonant

What are the assessment findings for breath sounds for emphysema?

decreased

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for asthma (severe attack)?

normal to decreased

What are the assessment findings for percussion for asthma (severe attack)?

resonant to hyperresonant

What are the assessment findings for breath sounds for asthma (severe attack)?

wheezes

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for pleural effusion?

decreased

What are the assessment findings for percussion for pleural effusion?

dull

What are the assessment findings for breath sounds for pleural effusion?

absent or decreased

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for pneumothorax?

decreased

What are the assessment findings for percussion for pneumothorax?

hyperresonant

What are the assessment findings for breath sounds for pneumothorax?

absent or decreased

What are the assessment findings for fremitus for atelectasis?

absent

What are the assessment findings for percussion for atelectasis?

dull

What are the assessment findings for breath sounds for atelectasis?

absent or decreased