anaphy- sks

Skeletal System

Consists of all the bones, cartilage, and ligaments of the body.

Adult Skeleton

Contains 206 bones.

Axial Skeleton

Forms the vertical, central axis of the body and consists of 80 bones.

Appendicular Skeleton

Comprises the upper and lower extremities and includes 126 bones.

Skull

Composed of 22 bones divided into cranial and facial bones.

Cranial Bones

Surround and protect the brain.

Facial Bones

Form the face, nasal cavity, mouth, and orbit.

Cavities of the Skull

Include cranial cavity, orbits, nasal cavity, oral cavity, and paranasal sinuses.

Mandible

The only moveable bone of the skull.

Fontanelles

Soft spots in the skull that allow for shape change during birth and rapid brain growth.

Vertebral Column

Composed of 24 vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx.

Cervical Vertebrae

Seven vertebrae with small bodies and transverse foramina.

Atlas and Axis

C1 allows "yes" motion; C2 allows "no" motion.

Thoracic Vertebrae

Twelve vertebrae that articulate with ribs.

Lumbar Vertebrae

Five largest vertebrae with short, blunt spinous processes.

Sacrum

Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae, triangular in shape.

Coccyx

Formed by the fusion of four vertebrae.

Intervertebral Disks

Fibrocartilage pads that cushion and anchor vertebrae.

Sternum

Composed of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Ribs

Twelve pairs of curved flat bones, with true, false, and floating classifications.

Skeletal System

Consists of all the bones, cartilage, and ligaments of the body.

Adult Skeleton

Contains 206 bones.

Children Skeleton

Has more than 206 bones.

Support Function

Provides support for the body.

Axial Division

Part of the skeletal system that forms the vertical, central axis of the body.

Appendicular Division

Part of the skeletal system that forms upper and lower extremities.

Axial Skeleton

Consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular Skeleton

Contains 126 bones that attach extremities to the axial skeleton.

Skull

Composed of 22 bones divided into cranial and facial bones.

Cranial Bones

Surround and protect the brain.

Facial Bones

Form the face, nasal cavity, mouth, and orbit.

Cavities

Openings in the skull that house soft organs.

Frontal Bone

Forms the forehead and part of the cranium.

Parietal Bones

Form superior lateral sides of the skull.

Occipital Bone

Forms the posterior skull and base of the cranial cavity.

Temporal Bones

Form lower lateral sides of the skull.

Sphenoid Bone

Forms much of the base of the central skull.

Ethmoid Bone

Forms part of the orbit and nasal cavity.

Mandible

The only moveable bone of the skull, forming the lower jaw.

Maxillary Bone

Forms the upper jaw and part of the roof of the mouth.

Lacrimal Bones

Form part of the orbit and contain lacrimal glands.

Palatine Bones

Form the posterior portion of the hard palate.

Zygomatic Bones

Known as the cheekbones, forming part of the orbit.

Vomer

Forms part of the nasal septum.

Nasal Bones

Form the bony base and lateral walls of the nose.

Sutures

Immobile joints that connect cranial bones.

Orbit

Protects the eyeball and muscles that move it.

Nasal Cavity

Bordered by maxillae and nasal bones, divided by the nasal septum.

Zygomatic arch

The zygomatic arch is formed by the ________ process of zygomatic bone articulating with the zygomatic process of temporal bone.

Temporal fossa

The ________ fossa is located above the zygomatic arch.

Squamous suture

The ________ suture unites parietal and temporal bones.

Parietal bones

The ________ bones are united by the sagittal suture.

Lambdoid suture

The parietal bones and ________ bone are united by the lambdoid suture.

Cranial cavity

The cranial cavity is mostly occupied by the ________.

Anterior cranial fossa

The base of the skull is divided into three ________.

Middle cranial fossa

The middle cranial fossa contains openings for ________ and nerves.

Posterior cranial fossa

The posterior cranial fossa contains internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal, and ________ foramen.

Superior orbital fissure

The ________ orbital fissure is a passage for nerves to the eyeball and associated muscles.

Foramen rotundum

The foramen rotundum allows exit of major ________ nerve to the face.

Foramen ovale

The foramen ovale allows exit of major ________ nerve to the face.

Foramen spinosum

The foramen spinosum is the entry of ________ supply into the cranial cavity.

Stylomastoid foramen

The stylomastoid foramen is the exit of nerve to ________ of the face.

Carotid canal

The carotid canal is the entry of blood supply to the ________.

Foramen lacerum

The foramen lacerum has ________ structures passing through it.

Internal acoustic meatus

The internal acoustic meatus allows passage of nerves for ________ and equilibrium.

Hypoglossal canal

The hypoglossal canal allows passage of a nerve to the ________.

Jugular foramen

The jugular foramen allows passage of several ________ and the jugular vein.

Coronal suture

The frontal and parietal bones are united by the ________ suture.

Brain-to-body size ratio

Humans have a greater ________ than other

Vertebral Column

The structure composed of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.

Cervical Region

The uppermost region of the vertebral column consisting of 7 vertebrae.

Thoracic Region

The middle region of the vertebral column consisting of 12 vertebrae.

Lumbar Region

The lower back region of the vertebral column consisting of 5 vertebrae.

Sacral Region

The region of the vertebral column consisting of 5 fused vertebrae.

Coccygeal Region

The lowest region of the vertebral column consisting of 4 fused vertebrae.

Curvatures of the Vertebral Column

Four natural curves that enhance strength, flexibility, and shock absorption.

Cervical Curve

The posteriorly oriented curvature of the cervical region.

Thoracic Curve

The anteriorly oriented curvature of the thoracic region.

Lumbar Curve

The posteriorly oriented curvature of the lumbar region.

Sacrococcygeal Curve

The anteriorly oriented curvature of the sacral and coccygeal regions.

Kyphosis

An abnormal excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region.

Lordosis

An abnormal excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region.

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

Vertebral Body

The main weight-bearing part of a typical vertebra.

Vertebral Arch

The structure that encloses the vertebral foramen.

Pedicles

The bony structures that connect the vertebral body to the arch.

Lamina

The flat part of the vertebral arch that connects the pedicles.

Vertebral Foramen

The opening that houses the spinal cord.

Transverse Processes

Projections on the sides of a vertebra for muscle attachment.

Spinous Process

The bony projection on the back of a vertebra.

Articular Processes

Projections that form joints with adjacent vertebrae.

Intervertebral Foramen

The openings between vertebrae that allow spinal nerves to exit.

Intervertebral Discs

Fibrocartilage pads that provide cushioning between vertebrae.

Atlas

The first cervical vertebra (C1) that allows the head to nod "yes."

Axis

The second cervical

Anulus fibrosus

Fibrous outer layer of an intervertebral disc.

Nucleus pulposus

Soft, gel-like inner core of an intervertebral disc.

Function of intervertebral discs

Anchor vertebrae to each other and cushion while allowing movement.

Thoracic cage

Structure formed by the sternum, ribs, and associated cartilages.

Sternum

Bone located in the center of the chest, consisting of several parts.