THPT and Competency Assessment Exam Review - English Vocabulary Level B2, C1, C2

These vocabulary flashcards provide terms and definitions for English proficiency levels B2, C1, and C2 as outlined in the lecture notes, including academic course terminology and high-level vocabulary for exam preparation.

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Address (C1)

To deal with or tackle a problem or situation.

Beautify (C1)

To adorn or grace something to make it more beautiful.

Gratification (C1)

A feeling of satisfaction or pleasure.

Impulsive (C2)

Acting in a rash or impetuous manner without forethought.

Inconsiderate (C1)

Being thoughtless or selfish toward others.

Innovative (C1)

Displaying creativity or inventiveness; being original.

Irrigation (C2)

The artificial application of water to land or soil for agricultural purposes.

Mindfulness (C1)

The state of being conscious, aware, or attentive.

Repetitive (C1)

Characterized by being repetitious; occurring over and over.

Replicate (C1)

To copy or duplicate something exactly.

Self-esteem (C1)

A person's overall sense of self-worth or self-confidence.

Tedious (C1)

Monotonous or boring, often due to duration or repetition.

Unaffordable (C1)

Too expensive or beyond one's financial capability.

Urge (C2)

A strong desire or impulsive drive to do something.

Adaptability (C1)

The quality of being flexible and able to adjust to new conditions.

Diplomacy (C2)

The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations.

Drawback (C1)

A disadvantage or negative feature of a situation.

Employability (C1)

A person's capability of gaining and maintaining employment.

Outweigh (C1)

To surpass or be more significant than something else.

Stereotype (C1)

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Flawless (C2)

Perfect or impeccable; without any blemishes or faults.

Perspective (C1)

A particular viewpoint or outlook on a matter.

Undermine (C1)

To weaken or enhance the foundation of something, often gradually.

Infrastructure (C1)

The basic physical and organizational structures (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society.

Obsolete (C1)

Outdated or old-fashioned; no longer produced or used.

Overshadow (C1)

To eclipse or outshine someone or something else.

Revive (C1)

To bring back to life or restore to consciousness or use.

Vibrant (C1)

Lively, exciting, or characterized by brilliant colors.

Destructive (C1)

Causing great damage, devastation, or harm.

Open-minded (C1)

Being tolerant or broad-minded toward new ideas and opinions.

Bypass (C1)

To avoid or go around something.

Consistency (C1)

The quality of steadfastness; being consistent over time.

Emergence (C1)

The appearance or rise of something new.

Plagiarism (C1)

The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

Proceeds (C1)

The money or profit obtained from an event, sale, or activity.

Sustainability (C2)

The ability to be maintained at a certain level or avoid depletion of resources.

Verify (C1)

To confirm or authenticate the truth or accuracy of something.

Vulnerable (C1)

Susceptible to physical or emotional attack, harm, or influence.

Contaminate (C1)

To pollute or make something impure by exposure to poisonous or polluting substances.

Decompose (C1)

To decay or break down into smaller parts.

Degradation (C1)

The process of being damaged, worsened, or causing decay.

Dumping (C1)

The act of discarding waste or sewage in an irresponsible manner.

Dweller (C1)

An inhabitant or resident of a specific place.

Perpetuate (C1)

To sustain, maintain, or make something (typically an undesirable situation) continue indefinitely.

Resilience (C2)

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness or adaptability.

Transition / Transformation (C1)

A marked change in form, nature, or appearance.

Upcycling (C1)

The creative reuse of discarded objects or materials to create a product of higher quality or value.

Captivity (C1)

The condition of being imprisoned or confined.

Exacerbate (C1)

To worsen or aggravate a problem or negative situation.

Self-discipline (C1/C2)

The ability to control one's feelings and overcome weaknesses; self-control.

Erode (C2)

To gradually wear away or be destroyed, often by natural forces.

Cognitive (C1)

Relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, and reasoning.

Empower (C1)

To authorize or enable someone to do something; to make them stronger and more confident.

Practicality (C1)

The quality of being useful or feasible in real-world applications.

Renewal (C1)

The act of restoration or revival of something.

Catastrophe (C2)

A disastrous event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering.

Dwindling (C1)

Gradually diminishing or decreasing in size, amount, or strength.

Finite (C1)

Having limits or bounds; not infinite.

Grid (C1)

A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles, often referring to electrical power cables.

Prominent (C1)

Important, famous, or particularly noticeable.

Unprecedented (C1)

Never done or known before; unparalleled.

Viable (C1)

Capable of working successfully; feasible.

Volatile (C1)

Liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse; unstable.

Aspiration (C1)

A hope or ambition of achieving something.

Breadwinner (C1)

A person who earns money to support their family.

Disruption (C1)

Disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process.

Equity (C1)

The quality of being fair and impartial.

Overriding (C1)

More important than any other considerations; paramount or dominant.

Permanence (C1)

The state of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely.

Precarious (C1)

Not securely held or in position; uncertain or insecure.

Prosperity (C1)

The state of being successful in material terms; flourishing financially.

Vulnerability (C1)

The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.

Algorithm (C2)

A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations.

Hinder (C1)

To create difficulties for someone or something, resulting in delay or obstruction.

Censorship (C1)

The suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, or news that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.

Execute (C1)

To put a plan, order, or course of action into effect; to carry out.

Hazardous (C1)

Risky or dangerous.

Multifaceted (C1)

Having many sides, aspects, or complex features.

Obsession (C1)

An idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind.

Catalyst (C1)

A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.

Collaborate (C1)

To work jointly on an activity or project.

Nurture (B2/C1)

To care for and encourage the growth or development of someone or something.

Absorption (C1)

The process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.

Adversity (C1)

Difficulties, misfortune, or an unpleasant situation.

Advocate (C1)

A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.

Affluent (C1)

Having a great deal of money; wealthy.

Audacity (C1)

The willingness to take bold risks; boldness.

Paradoxically (C1)

In a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory way.

Hierarchy (C2)

A system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to relative status or authority.

Incentive (C2)

A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

Proactive (C1)

Creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened.

Detrimental (C2)

Tending to cause harm; damaging.

Profound (C1)

Very great or intense; having or showing great knowledge or insight.

Indispensable (C2)

Absolutely necessary; essential.

Initiative (C1)

The ability to assess and initiate things independently; a new approach to a problem.

Perseverance (C2)

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success.

Patriotism (C1)

The quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.