APUSH ID List Flashcards
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Description and Tags
New World Beginnings, Contest for North America, Settling the English Colonies
45 Terms
Canadian Shield
The first part of North America to emerge above sea level.
Incas
A sophisticated South American civilization in present-day Peru.
Aztecs
A powerful Mesoamerican empire in central Mexico.
Three-sister farming
An agricultural system where maize, beans, and squash were grown together.
Caravel
A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
An agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing newly discovered lands.
Encomienda
A Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with the labor of particular groups of subject people.
Mestizos
People of mixed European and Native American descent.
Battle of Acoma (1599)
A brutal conflict between Spanish forces and the Pueblo people.
Popés Rebellion (1680) aka Pueblo Revolt
An uprising or Pueblo Indians against Spanish Colonization
Black Legend
The notion that the Spanish conquerors only brought misery to the New World.
Protestant Reformation
A religious movement in the 16th century that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
Roanoke Island
The site of the "Lost Colony," England's first attempt at colonization.
Spanish Armada (1588)
A fleet sent by Spain against England, which ended in failure.
Primogeniture
The right of the firstborn son to inherit the family estate.
Joint-stock company
A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders.
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company that established the Jamestown colony.
Jamestown (1607)
The first permanent English settlement in North America.
First Anglo-Powhatan War (1610–1614)
A conflict between English settlers and the Powhatan Confederacy.
Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644–1646)
The last major conflict between the Powhatans and the English.
Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
The first legislative assembly in the American colonies.
Act of Toleration (1649)
A Maryland law that granted religious freedom to Christians.
Barbados Slave Code (1661)
A law that provided a legal basis for slavery in the Caribbean.
Squatters
Individuals who settled on land without legal right.
Iroquois Confederacy
A powerful alliance of Native American tribes in the northeastern U.S.
Calvinism
A Protestant theological system emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Predestination
The belief that all events are willed by God, particularly regarding salvation.
Puritans
English Protestants seeking to purify the Church of England.
Separatists
A group of Puritans who wanted to separate entirely from the Church of England.
Mayflower Compact (1620)
An agreement among the Pilgrims to form a government and abide by its rules.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A major Puritan colony in New England.
Great Migration (1630s)
The movement of English Puritans to Massachusetts and the West Indies.
Antinomianism
The belief that faith alone is necessary for salvation, leading to conflict with Puritan leaders. (Anne Hutchinson)
Fundamental Orders (1639)
A constitution that established a regime democratically controlled by "substantial" citizens. (Connecticut Colony)
Pequot War (1636–1638)
A conflict between New England settlers and the Pequot tribe.
King Philip's War (1675–1676)
A war between Native American inhabitants and New England colonists.
New England Confederation (1643)
A short-lived military alliance of the New England colonies.
Dominion of New England (1686)
An administrative union of English colonies in the New England region.
Navigation Laws
Laws that restricted colonial trade to England.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
The overthrow of King James II of England.
Salutary Neglect
An unofficial British policy of non-enforcement of trade regulations.
Quakers
A religious group known for their pacifism and simple living. (Pennsylvania)
Pennsylvania Walking Purchase
Blue Laws
Laws prohibiting certain activities on Sundays