SCNC 1112 M4 L9

what are the types of biotechnology?

blue: using molecular and biological method to help marine and freshwater life and food production

Green: impove thr production of crops
Red: use biology to find a healthcare solution

White: imprve indsutrial process

Revolutionary: CRISPR, iPS, recombinant DNA

what can ecosystem provides to us?

1. food

2. water

3. air

4. fuel

5. Disease control

6. Climate regulation

7. Cultural value

what doe anthropocne means?

human activity destroying the ecosyem and biodiversity, causing the 6th extinction

is taht biodiversity has been lost before it is discovered?

yes, species are lost before they are discoverd, and it is difficult to estimate how many speies are going extinct since this is mostly in tropical region where no good estimation, so how badly we have ruined biodiversity is still unknow, but it is already exacerbating.

why it is difficult to address the biodiversiry problem?

as there are multiple threat act across different time and space scales, and they act interdependently

Other than biotechnology, what can we done to help the conservaiton?

1. reduce poaching

2. Protect habitat

3. rewilding the conservaiton and restorting the ecosystem

how is green techonology possible?

genetic engineering like inserting or deleting gene to increase the yield, nutrition value, resistance to disease and draught resistance

Use molecular marker assisted breeding instead of artifical breedin to select the crops with favourable traits

directly culture the tissue but not growing the plant

how is blue technology practiced?

USing molecular biological methods (genetic engineering) marine organims to develop the aquaculure (keeping a certain region for food), water treatment, and prodcution of seafood

This hlpes preserving wild fish, cuts carbon emission from transporation, while posting a low damage to fish farming

how is the genetically modified atlantic salmon with a large size is created?

inserting growth hormone gene from otehr salmon and insert a growth hormone gene promoter from ocean pout.

how is white technology practiced?

USe cells or enzyme that is easily being degrade or reuses to reduce the amount of energy used and waste prodcued

what are some examples of white biotech?

1. microobial fermentations (breaking acid, alcohol for energy)

2. bioenergy (using the organims for energy)

3. bioremediaiton (using microbes to degrade pollutant)

what are some examples of red biotech?

1. genetic test

2. antibodies

3. vaccines

4. gene therapy

what is pituitary Dwarfism?

a deases results from lacking the GH1 gene, causing the lack of growth hormone

Patient will grow slowly

what is type 1 pitutary dwarfism?

it is an autosomal recessive traits, having 2 defective alleles

what are the temporary cure for pituatary dwarfism?

USing recombinant DNA to prodcue human growth hormone

how is recombinant DNA practiced?

1. cloning human gene through PCR

2. introduce the gene through vector plasmid

3. screen the recombinant plasmid

4. introduce the pasmid to the bacteria

5. screen the recombinant bacteria

6. ALlow the recobinant bacteria to encode the human growth hormone

Sine the same genetic code is conserved between humans and bacteria, so BActeria will still translate the gnen in the same way as human cell, prducing the needed protein

how is CRISPR practiced?

1. The Cas9 protein carrying the guide RNA

2. This complex will bind to the matching sequence

3. THis cuts the souble strand of the DNA

4. allowing the programmed DNA (dono DNA)to be inserted in.

where is CRISPR found?

It is an adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea.

How CRIPR Cas9 foster the other bio tech?

alter the genome of other organims to add the traits want or delete teh traisn unwatned

Making geneti disease curable by accurately cutting the distorted gene and replace it into a normal one (sicke cell anaemia)

How crispr tackle sickle cell anamia?

1. Cutting the gene that code sickle RBC and repalce it into a normal one

2. Cutting the repressor of coding normal RBC (BCL11A) , so that the prodcution is no longer blokced

what is iPS?

Using reprogamming, somatic cells will be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells, which can be differentiate into all type of cells expcet placenta, not restricted to tissue.

what are some implication of iPS?

use it to produce cells that normally can’t prodcue again like retine cells

how does the comination of iPS and CRIPSR cas9 helps making personalized medicine?

1. extracting somaic cells from pateint

2. regramme his iPS

3. Using CRSPr to create 2 sets of iPS that their genome is the same

4. differentiate them into desired cell types

5. using 2 sets for comparison to see the disease phenotype

6. Identigy the molecules target of the drug

7. building personalized drug for the patinet

what are the other advantages of using iPS and CRISPr in medicine?

genetic correction if cell therapty to prevent immune rejection ,as patients won cells are reprogrammed and use CRISPR to remove the distorted genes, since stem cells can divide infintely, it can be reintroduced into pateint body for life-long cure