Motor Speech Disorders Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering motor speech disorders, their anatomical locations, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic clues based on lecture notes.

Apraxia of Speech (AOS)

A motor planning and programming disorder resulting from a left hemisphere lesion, characterized by inconsistent errors, groping, and automatic speech being easier than volitional speech.

Flaccid Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder caused by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) or cranial nerve damage, characterized by weakness, breathy voice, hypernasality, and nasal emission.

Spastic Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder caused by bilateral Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) damage, characterized by a strained-strangled voice, slow rate, and effortful speech.

Ataxic Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder caused by cerebellar damage, characterized by coordination problems, irregular articulatory breakdowns, and "drunk" sounding speech.

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder associated with the basal ganglia (too little movement) and Parkinson's Disease, characterized by reduced loudness, monopitch, and short rushes of speech.

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder associated with the basal ganglia (too much movement), characterized by involuntary movements, sudden interruptions, and vocal outbursts.

Unilateral UMN Dysarthria

A mild version of spastic dysarthria caused by a unilateral UMN lesion, typically resulting in mild imprecise articulation and temporary weakness.

Groping

Visible trial-and-error attempts to find the correct articulatory position, typically seen in Apraxia of Speech (AOS).

AMR (Alternate Motion Rate)

A task requiring the repetition of a single syllable (e.g., "pa-pa-pa") to test repetitive movement.

SMR (Sequential Motion Rate)

A task requiring the repetition of a sequence of syllables (e.g., "pa-ta-ka") to test sequencing; significantly impaired in AOS.

Myasthenia Gravis

A common disease associated with Flaccid dysarthria. Fluctuating weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles.

Pseudobulbar Palsy

A condition associated with bilateral stroke and Spastic dysarthria, often involving emotional lability. Sounds like the person is Crying

Scanning Speech

A characteristic of Ataxic dysarthria involving excess and equal stress on syllables.

Masked Facies

A clinical keyword for Parkinson Disease, often associated with Hypokinetic dysarthria.

Chorea

Involuntary movements which are a primary keyword for Huntington Disease and Hyperkinetic dysarthria.

Babinski Sign

An upgoing toe reflex indicating an Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesion.

Clonus

Rhythmic muscle contractions after a stretch, indicating an Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesion.

Exaggerated Jaw Jerk

A reflex indicating a bilateral Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesion, specifically associated with Spastic dysarthria.

CN IX-XII

The specific cranial nerves characterized as "speech/swallowing heavy hitters" whose damage leads to Flaccid dysarthria.

Ipsilateral Deficits

The side-specific effect always produced by cranial nerve damage.