HBNS FINAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS

True or False: Nutrition screening involves collecting a few indicators of nutritional status to determine whether an individual is at risk for malnutrition

True

True or False: Food Frequency questionnaires are typically used in clinical settings

False

True or False: In a clinical setting, multiple 24-hr recalls or a day-off diet record would be the best method of assessing intake of nutrients consumed with a high amount of variability from day to day

True

When trying to approximate an individual’s usual intake, one should consider…

a. The brand of dietary analysis software used

b. If they have enough days of recall to make an accurate assessment of intake of a particular nutrient

c. Whether the recall was completed on a weekday

d. Whether the participant used a food tracking app

b. If they have enough days of recall to make an accurate assessment of intake of a particular nutrient

True or False: When assessing nutrient intake of a healthy individual, intake data should be evaluated against the EAR < RDA (or AI) and the UL for each nutrient, for vitamins and minerals where intake is <80% of the RDA. We would interpret that the intake of this nutrient needs improvement.

True

True or False: An unhealthy waist circumference for males is > 40in

True

True or False: An unhealthy waist circumference for females is < 35in

False

Which of the following is considered to be most closely correlated with percent body fat?

a. Quetelets index (BMI)

b. Relative weight

c. Hamwi equation

d. Waist to hip ratio

a. Quetelets index (BMI)

True or False: The most widely used measure of indirectly estimating body fat in a clincial setting is the skinfold technique

True

If a 6’0” tall man weighs 230lbs, what is his BMI considered?

a. Underweight

b. Normal weight

c. Overweight

d. Obese

d. Obese

If an athlete by calculation has a BMI in the overweight range, what should you do?

a. Place the athlete on a low-calorie diet

b. Discuss physical activity with the athlete

c. Examine other anthropometric measures

d. Create a plan for increased physical activity

c. Examine other anthropometric measures

When estimating the IBW of a patient who has a whole leg amputation of his right leg, the actual IBW is decreased by

a. 16%

b. 1.5%

c. 2.3%

d. 5%

a. 16%

What is the Adjusted IBW of a female of 5’5” with a below-elbow amputation?

a. 140lbs

b. 122lbs

c. 123Ibs

d. 130Ibs

b. 122lbs

The CDC recommends using the World Health Organization growth charts for infants from birth to 24 months of age. These growth charts are based from

a. A mix of breastfed and formula-fed infants from 6 different countries

b. Predominantly breastfed infants from 6 different countries

c. Predominantly formula-fed infants from the United States

d. A mix of breastfed and formula fed infants from the United States

b. Predominantly breastfed infants from 6 different countries

The recommendation for patients taking anti-coagulation medications (such as warfarin) is to:

a. increase vitamin K intake

b. decrease vitamin K intake

c. none of these options

d. avoid large increases or decreases in vitamin K intake

d. avoid large increases or decreases in vitamin K intake

Which of the following is an indicator of stunted growth (long term malnutrition)?

a. Low weight for height

b. Low weight for age

c. Low height or length for age

d. Low height for weight

b. Low weight for age

You are evaluating a patient and note that the patient’s urine specific gravity is above the normal range. Which of the following best describes the patient’s hydration status?

a. The patient’s hydration status cannot be assessed by urine specific gravity

b. The patient is likely dehydrated

c. The patient is experiencing fluid overload

d. The patient is likely well hydrated

b. The patient is likely dehydrated

True or False: Detectable quantities of protein are normally present in urine

False

True or False: Nitrites form when certain bacteria reduce urinary nitrates to nitrites

True

True or False: Nutrition related laboratory values are only affected by nutritional status. They are not affected by medications, fluid status, or illnesses that influence biochemical indices

False

A 60 year old man presents with a significantly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and slightly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT); his lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, creatine concentration levels are within normal limits. Which of the following could explain his elevated AST (which would be confirmed by further testing)?

a. cardiac damage or myocardial infarction

b. kidney disease or damage

c. viral infection

d. liver disease

a. cardiac damage or myocardial infarction

True or False: Elevated concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin can be indicative of obstruction of bile passages/severe liver disease

False

A patient presents with the following laboratory results. Which of the following best described the pattern of biochemical indicators consistent with liver damage or dysfunction? Elevated AST, elevated ALT, elevated alkaline phosphatase ALP, elevated total bilirubin, normal BUN, normal creatinine

a. elevated AST and ALT only

b. elevated alkaline phosphatase with normal BUN and creatinine

c. elevated total bilirubin only

d. elevated AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin

d. elevated AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin

True or False: High blood sodium concentrations can be a result of dehydration from insufficient water intake, excessive water loss (excessive diarrhea, vomiting, loss of antidiuretic hormone (ADH))

True

True or False: Hyponatremia can be a result water retention due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

True

If a blood sample undergoes hemolysis (red blood cells break open) prior to being antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

a. Magnesium

b. Calcium

c. Sodium

d. Potassium

d. Potassium

True or False: A fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/dL indicates diabetes

False

An optimal (heart healthy) range for LDL cholesterol is

a. 100-129 mg/dL

b. < 100 mg/dL

c. 130-159 mg/dL

d. 160-189 mg/dL

b. < 100 mg/dL

True or False: Blood calcium concentration is the biochemical indicator of total body calcium status

False

The best biochemical indicator of vitamin D status is

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

The best biochemical indicator of Vitamin K status is

blood phylloquinone concentration and undercarboxylated vitamin K-dependent proteins

The best biochemical indicator of Vitamin A status is

serum (plasma) retinol concentration

The best biochemical indicators of vitamin C status is

serum or plasma vitamin C

Name the biochemical test used to assess the following: Folate

Erythrocyte folate concentrations

Name the biochemical test used to assess the following: Zinc status (clinical setting)

serum zinc concentrations + metallothionein

True or False: Increased (elevated) prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is only indicative of Vitamin K deficiency

False

True or False: Somatic proteins refers to the proteins in the organs, serum, and blood cells

False

A patient has a daily protein intake of 100 grams and a 24-hour urea urine urea nitrogen excretion of 18 grams. What is their nitrogen balance?

-6 g/day

Which of the following is a positive acute-phase protein (increases with trauma, extensive surgery, infection, inflammation)?

a. Prealbumin

b. Albumin

c. Transferrin

d. C-reactive protein

d. C-reactive protein

True or False: Albumin is a good indicator of a patient’s protein status when a patient has acute disease or chronic disease-related malnutrition

False

A child appearing emaciated, with loss of skeletal muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, but no edema is most likley experiencing

a. Marasmus (protein energy malnutrition)

b. Rickets

c. Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition)

d. Osteomalacia

a. Marasmus (protein energy malnutrition)

True or False: Low hemoglobin is caused only by iron, B12, and folic acid deficiency

False

True or False: In iron deficiency you will see low serum ferritin, high MCV, high TIBC, high erythrocyte protoporphyrin

False

True or False: Megaloblastic anemia due to B12 deficiency is consistent with low hemoglobin, increased MCV, increased MMA, and increased homocysteine

True

True or False: Systolic pressure occurs during ventricular relaxation while diastolic pressure occurs during ventricular contraction

False