Learning Theories in Psychology

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on Learning Theories in Psychology.

Behaviorism

A theory of learning which states that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

A stimulus that triggers a response naturally, without any prior learning.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Positive Reinforcement

A process that increases the chances of a behavior being repeated by presenting a pleasant stimulus after the behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

A process that increases the chances of a behavior being repeated by removing an unpleasant stimulus.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.

Schema

A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.

Assimilation

The process of taking in new information and incorporating it into existing cognitive structures.

Accommodation

The process of altering one's existing schemas or ideas as a result of new information or experiences.

Egocentric

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of others.

Cognitive Development

The progression of thinking and understanding that occurs as a child matures.

Social Learning Theory

A theory proposing that behaviors are learned through observing and imitating others.

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Moral Development

A theory that explores how children's moral reasoning develops over time.

James-Lange Theory

A theory proposing that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion.

Cannon-Bard Theory

A theory stating that emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.

Schacter-Singer Theory

A theory suggesting that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

Pornography

Any sexually explicit material created to increase sexual arousal.

Silent Pandemic

The widespread consumption of pornography affecting generations, especially youth.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in reward and pleasure systems in the brain.