Y11 SEHS cardiovascular system

Diastole

Filling/full. - Heart refills.

80 blood pressure avg.

atrial/ventricular

Systole

Pumping (pressure outside) - Contracts.

120 blood pressure avg.

atrial/ventricular

High blood pressure danger?

Heart is very active

• Heart attack risk

• Muscle damage risk

• Higher risk of blood clot

Low blood pressure bad?

Heart not active enough

• low oxygen to body

• lightheaded-dizzy

Arteries

Away from heart

Because of high pressure:

Thick walls - narrow shute - smooth path - no pores

Veins

To heart (veins)

Slower flow, lower pressure:

Thin walls allow muscles to compress and move blood

Wide lumen (space) to store more blood

Valves to prevent backflow

No pores

blood composition

55% plasma

45% cellular components

osmosis

movement of solvent from low to high solute concentration.

therefor from high to low solvent concentration across semipermeable membrane

concentration gradient

difference concentration between 2 regions

facilitated diffusion

cells have channels; if open allows for …

plasma

water

nutrients

proteins

waste

hormones

Ions

antibodies

cellular components

erythrocyte: red blood cells

leukocytes: macrophages and whatnot

platelets: for blood clotting

hypertonic solution

higher solute concentration

hypotonic solution

Lower solute concentration

Red blood cells swell and could pop.

isotonic

equal solute concentration

An organ system

consists of different organs that together carry out a particular bodily function (include: the respiratory and cardiovascular systems)

Ventilation

is the movement of air into and out of the lungs and is either active (muscle contraction) or passive (muscle relaxation)