USMLE Step 3 High-Yield Rapid Review

High-yield rapid review for USMLE Step 3 covering nephrology, nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, immunology, endocrinology, and cardiology.

Which nephrotic syndrome is commonly seen in children and associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, and what is the first-line treatment?

Minimal Change Disease; Steroids

Which nephrotic syndrome is associated with HIV, obesity, heroin use, and sickle cell disease?

FSGS (Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis)

What are the common associations and markers for Membranous nephropathy?

HBV, HCV, solid tumors, and PLA2R antibodies

What biopsy finding is characteristic of diabetic nephropathy?

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

How is Amyloidosis identified in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM)?

Positive Congo red staining

What is a key laboratory finding in Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

Low complement levels

How does IgA nephropathy typically present clinically?

Hematuria following an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

Which condition presents as Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) accompanied by hemoptysis?

Goodpasture syndrome

Which autoantibody is associated with Lupus nephritis?

Anti-dsDNA

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

Calcium oxalate

What are the common causes and morphology of Struvite stones?

Proteus or Klebsiella infections; staghorn appearance

What are the radiologic and urinary characteristics of uric acid stones?

Radiolucent; associated with acidic urine

What shape are cystine crystals?

Hexagonal

Which autoantibodies are characteristic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith

Which autoantibody is specific for CREST syndrome?

Anti-centromere

Which autoantibody is associated with Diffuse systemic sclerosis?

Anti-Scl-70

Which autoantibody is associated with Antisynthetase syndrome?

Anti-Jo-1

Which antibody is specific for Dermatomyositis?

Anti-Mi-2

Which antibody is a marker for Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)?

Anti-U1 RNP

Which autoantibody is associated with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?

AMA

Which autoantibody is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

Anti-CCP

Which vasculitis is associated with c-ANCA (PR3)?

GPA (Granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

Which conditions are associated with p-ANCA (MPO)?

MPA (Microscopic polyangiitis) and EGPA (Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

How is Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) clinically characterized?

Asthma and eosinophilia

Which vasculitis spares the lungs and is associated with Hepatitis B (HBV)?

PAN (Polyarteritis nodosa)

What are the urine findings in Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?

Urine osmolarity is high and urine sodium ($Na$) is high

What is the treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia?

Normal saline

What is the treatment for severe symptomatic hyponatremia?

Hypertonic saline

What is the management for a COPD exacerbation?

Bronchodilator and steroids

What is the management step when there is a high clinical suspicion of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?

Anticoagulate immediately

What is the required ventilation setting for patients with ARDS?

Low tidal volume ventilation

What is the next step in evaluating a patient with hyperthyroidism and a low TSH level?

Radioactive iodine uptake scan

What endocrine side effect is commonly associated with Lithium?

Hypothyroidism

What are the defining characteristics of primary hyperaldosteronism?

Hypertension (HTN) and hypokalemia

What are the three core components of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) management?

Insulin, fluids, and potassium monitoring

What is the first step in the management of septic shock?

Administer $30\,mL/kg$ of crystalloid

What class of medication is used to treat cardiogenic shock?

Inotrope

What type of murmur is characteristic of aortic stenosis?

Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

What scoring system is used for stroke prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)?

$$CHA_{2}DS_{2}-VASc$$

Which joints are typically involved or spared in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

Involves MCP and PIP joints; spares DIP joints

What are the hallmarks of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in terms of system involvement and complement?

Multisystem involvement and low complement

What is the laboratory status of a patient with fibromyalgia?

Normal labs

What are the classic symptoms of Adult Still disease?

Quotidian fever and a salmon-colored rash