Skeletal System and Articulations Lecture

Vocabulary flashcards covering the anatomical structures of the limbs, pelvic differences, tarsal and carpal identification, and types of joint articulations and movements.

Gliding joint

A type of joint found between the vertebrae, between the carpals, or between the tarsals; an example provided is the thumb and carpal.

Hinge joint

A type of joint that allows for flexion and extension; examples include the elbow or the knee.

Gomphosis

A fibrous joint involving the teeth with the periodontal ligaments attaching them to the maxilla or mandible.

Shoulder Bones

The three bones that form the shoulder: the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus.

Pronation

The movement of the forearm that turns the palms posteriorly.

Supination

The movement of the forearm that turns the arms anteriorly, often described as the position required to hold a bowl of soup.

Abduction (Wrist)

Movement of the wrist from the anatomical position towards the thumb.

Adduction (Wrist)

Movement of the wrist from the anatomical position towards the pinky finger.

Carpal bones

The collection of $8$ bones that make up the wrist.

Metacarpal bones

The $5$ bones of the hand, numbered $1$ through $5$ starting with the thumb.

Phalanges (Hand)

The $14$ bones of the fingers, categorized as proximal, middle, and distal, except in the thumb which only has proximal and distal.

Male Pelvis

Characteristic features include a thicker structure, a narrower pelvic brim, and a pubic arch between $50$ and $60$ degrees.

Female Pelvis

A lighter, wider, thinner, and smoother structure with a wider pelvic arch, inlet, and outlet to allow for childbirth.

Patella

A sesamoid bone embedded in a tendon that has a flat patellar surface and serves to protect and stabilize the knee.

Calcaneus

One of the two largest tarsal bones, which forms the heel of the foot.

Talus

The tarsal bone that sits above the calcaneus; the weight-bearing tibia sits over this bone.

Navicular

A tarsal bone located in front of the talus that is very commonly fractured due to its shape, density, or improper footwear.

Cuneiform bones

Tarsal bones identified as medial, intermediate, and lateral.

Pisiform

The most medial of the carpal bones when in the anatomical position, and the only carpal bone not visible in a pronated hand.

Dorsiflexion

Flexion of the foot at the ankle that brings the toes up towards the nose and extends the toes.

Plantar flexion

Pointing the toes and moving the foot away from the nose, during which the toes are flexed.

Inversion

Movement where the sole of the foot moves inward.

Eversion

Movement where the sole of the foot moves outward.

Articulation

Any connection between bone and another structure, including bone to bone, bone to cartilage, bone to tooth, or cartilage to cartilage.

Synarthrosis

A classification for joints where no movement occurs, such as the sutures of the cranial cavity.

Amphiarthrosis

A classification for joints allowing minor movement, such as within the wrist or the intervertebral discs of the spine.

Diarthrosis

A classification for joints with complete movement, such as the ball and socket joints of the shoulder or hip.

Syndesmosis

A fibrous connection between bones, such as between the tibia and fibula or between the ulna and radius.

Synchondrosis

A cartilaginous joint such as the epiphyseal plate on the ends of long bones with costal cartilage.

Hyperextension

An increase in joint angle that results in injury to the joint, such as tearing muscle or nerve tissue.

Protraction and Retraction

Movements associated with the jaw; moving it outward is protraction, while bringing it back to original position is retraction.

Pivot joint

A joint found between the first and second vertebra that allows for rotating the head to indicate "no."

Saddle joint

The type of joint found in the thumb.