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Transcription

Process where genes are copied into mRNA.

Translation

Process where mRNA is converted into chains of amino acids.

Nitrogenous Base Pairs

A-T and G-C pairs held together by hydrogen bonds.

Antiparallel

DNA strands running in opposite directions.

Operons

Genetic units that control gene expression in prokaryotes.

Chromosomes

Thread-like structures in the nucleus containing genetic information.

Genetic Engineering

Process of manipulating DNA to produce desired molecules.

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique separating DNA or proteins based on size and charge.

Agarose vs

Different gels used in electrophoresis for separating molecules.

Restriction Enzymes

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences.

Gene Therapy

Using DNA manipulation to treat genetic disorders.

Recombinant DNA (rDNA)

DNA formed by combining genetic material from different sources.