apwh quick review

What is globalization?

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Define the Silk Road.

A network of trade routes connecting the East and West, facilitating cultural, commercial, and technological exchange between civilizations.

Describe the importance of the Columbian Exchange.

A widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World after Columbus's voyages.

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A period of major industrialization during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial.

What is imperialism?

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Who was Genghis Khan?

The founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

Define the term 'renaissance'.

A cultural movement that marked the transition from the medieval to the modern world, emphasizing humanism, art, and science.

What sparked the Protestant Reformation?

Corruption in the Catholic Church and Martin Luther's 95 Theses challenged the authority of the church and led to the rise of Protestantism.

Explain the significance of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648).

It ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and established a new political order based on the concept of state sovereignty.

What was the significance of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

The forced migration of millions of Africans to the Americas, which had profound effects on demographics, cultures, and economies.

Who was Karl Marx?

A philosopher and economist known for his critique of capitalism and his ideas related to socialism and communism.

Describe the concept of nationalism.

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation, often in opposition to foreign influence or control.

What role did the Enlightenment play in revolutions?

The Enlightenment inspired revolutionary movements by promoting ideas about individual rights, democracy, and reason.

What was the Meiji Restoration?

A political revolution in Japan between 1868 and 1912 that resulted in the modernization and westernization of Japan.

Define social Darwinism.

A theory that applies the concept of survival of the fittest to human societies, often used to justify imperialism and racism.

What triggered World War I?

A complex web of alliances, militarism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Explain the significance of the United Nations.

An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries.

What was Apartheid?

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that existed from 1948 to the early 1990s.

Define the term 'totalitarianism'.

A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Who was Mahatma Gandhi?

A leader of the Indian independence movement known for his philosophy of non-violent resistance.

What was the significance of the Berlin Conference (1884-1885)?

It regulated European colonization and trade in Africa and distinguished the continent's territorial divisions.

Describe the Great Depression.

A severe worldwide economic downturn during the 1930s characterized by mass unemployment, poverty, and a decline in international trade.

What is the significance of the Green Revolution?

A period of agricultural transformation that increased food production worldwide, especially in developing countries.

Define the term 'decolonization'.

The process by which colonies gain independence from their colonial powers, particularly after World War II.

What role did women play in World War II?

Women took on various roles traditionally held by men, including factory work and military service, greatly contributing to the war efforts.

Describe the Cold War.

The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States from the end of World War II until the early 1990s.

What was the significance of the Iranian Revolution (1979)?

It led to the fall of the Pahlavi monarchy and established an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.

Explain the impact of technology on warfare in the 20th century.

Technological advancements led to more lethal and destructive weapons, changing strategies and outcomes in conflicts.

Who were the major Axis Powers in World War II?

Germany, Italy, and Japan, who opposed the Allied Powers.

Define 'cultural diffusion'.

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.