Speech and Hearing Science Exam 2

The Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation describes voice production as an interaction between what three things?

Muscle activity, tissue elasticity, air pressure.

The mucosal wave occurs because…

The vocal folds undergo vertical and longitudinal phase differences.

Vocal fold vibration is a product of…

The mutual resistance between the elasticity of the vocal folds and air pressure. (not B and C)

True or false? The primary biological function of the larynx is to allow us to speak.

False.

When we raise our pitch…

The thyroid tilts toward cricoid, elongating the vocal folds.

Presbyphonia refers to the vocal changes resulting from the aging process and includes…

Bowing of the vocal folds, incomplete glottal closure during phonation, hoarseness (all of the above).

The primary acoustic manifestation of laryngeal changes through the preteen years is…

A decrease in F0.

Shimmer results from…

Differences in the amplitude of each cycle of vocal fold vibration.

True or false? The larynx is composed of three set of valves that open and close to perform various functions: aryepiglottic folds, false vocal folds, true vocal folds.

True

True or false? Amplitude is controlled by regulating subglottal pressure.

True

Compression occurs when…

Air molecules collide, creating an area of positive pressure.

All of the following influence the frequency of vibrating object EXCEPT…

Length, Pitch, Density, Tension

Pitch

The amplitude of a sound wave is perceived as its…

Loudness.

The length of time it takes to complete one cycle of the vibration is the…

Period.

True or false? Frequency is the subjective perception of how high or low a sound is on a musical scale.

True

EGG is considered to be an indirect laryngeal visualization technique because while the vocal folds are not viewed directly,…

This technique produces output related to an electrical signal as it passes through the larynx.

The EGG output provides precise details about the opening and closing of the vocal folds.

The shape and pattern of the EGG waveform provide information about the periodicity of the vocal fold vibration.

All of the above

Measures of perturbation are NOT appropriate to use when a voice is…

Too aperiodic.

Tools for direct examination of the larynx include…

Flexible endoscopy and Videostroboscopy (A and C).

A disadvantage of stroboscopy is…

Irregular vocal fold vibration cannot be seen.

True or False? During connected speech, a rigid endoscope may be used to observe vocal fold function.

False

Examples of alaryngeal speech include all EXCEPT…

Esophageal speech, electrolarynx, Passy-Muir valve, Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis

Passy-Muir valve

Which is a procedure to correct glottic insufficiency resulting from unilateral vocal fold paralysis>

Medialization thyroplasty.

We covered two auditory control processes: the feedback process and the feedforward process in the section about voice characteristics of Deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals.  Feedback is involved with…

Providing information in the moment about voice (pitch,volume)

Providing information about the environment and the possible need to adapt to noisy conditions

Helping to develop internal models for automaticity

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a phonatory characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease?

Excessive Loudness.

True or false? Female speakers use a wide range of fundamental frequencies and varied patterns of pitch inflections, whereas males use a more restricted fundamental frequency range and fewer inflectional patterns.

True