(BSCI 260) Week 10 - Anti Agents, Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, and Diseases of the Skin, Eyes and Nervous System

What is Selective Toxicity?

an agent that kills or inhibits harmful microbes without damaging the host

Antibiotic meaning?

A substance that is produced by a microbe that can inhibit or kill other microbes

Chemotherapy meaning?

The use of drugs or antimicrobial agents to treat a disease

Paul Ehrlich vs Alexander Fleming

Ehrlich: coined term chemotherapy

Fleming: discovered penicillin while observing a contaminated culture plate of S. Aureus

The antibiotic of Isoniazid is for..

Tuberculosis

Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents Broad Spectrum refers to

antibiotics that affect a large number of different types of microbes

Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents Narrow Spectrum refers to

Antibiotics that affect only a select group of microbes

Bactericidal means

Direct killing of microbes involved

Bacteriostatic means

Inhibition of microbial growth; supress growth under check

Penicilin is a ___ Inhibitor

Cell Wall Synthesis

Penicillin have a

b Lactam ring

Natural Penicillin are best effective against

G+ Cocci and Spirochetes

Semisynthetic Penicillin target

by modifying the structure

the target site of penicillin is their

Cell Wall

What are Penicillinases/ B Lactamases?

they are enzymes made by bacteria that inactivates natural penicillins

Are Semisynthetic Penicillins resistant to B Lactamases?

yes

Cephalosporins are ___ ___bacteria

Beta Lactin

Cephalothin, Cefamandole, and Cefotaxime are…

progressively evolving generations of bactericidal Beta- lactam antibiotics known as cephalosporins.

Polypeptide Antibiotics likes Bacitracin, Vancomycin are examples of

Polypeptide Antibiotics

Bacitracin vs. Vancomycin

Topical application(against G+); Last Line against antibiotic

Protein Synthesis is at the ___s site

70s

Chloramphenicol vs Amino glycosides

targets 50s; targets 30s (Inhibit protein synthesis)

Tetracyclines; Macrolides vs Erythromycin

…; targets 50s; targets 50s (inhibitors of protein synthesis)

When is vancomycin used

antibiotic primarily used to treat serious, life-threatening bacterial infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Agents that damage the cell membrane act like detergents or acetone

detergents

(Cell Membrane) Polymyxin B and Bacitracin are both

Topical (used against G+ Bacteria)

Chloramphenicol vs. Amino glycosides

50s; 30s

Rifamycin and Quinolones and Fluoroquinolone are

Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Ciprofloxacin is a

powerful Fluoroquinolone antibody used to treat bacterial infections

Can bacteria make their own Folic Acid

yes

TMP-SXT (Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole) are

Competitively inhibits folic acid synthesis in bacteria; competitive binds instead of substrate

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole function

to stop the production of Tetrahydrolic Acid

Fungi are

Eukaryotes

Polyenes vs Azoles

P: combine with pm sterols and are fungicidial

two major classes of anti fungal medications used to treat localized and systemic fungal infections

A: Interfere with sterol synthesis and are used to treat cutaneous and systemic mycoses

the 3 Anti fungal Agents

• Griseofulvin

• Tolnaftate

• Flucytosine

Antiviral agents are

Amantadine and Indinavir

Amantadine vs. Indinavir

used with influenza patients; used to treat HIV patients

Interferons are used for

preventing the spread of virus to new cells; very in viral hepatitis; produced by viral infections

The 2 Anti protozoan drugs are

Chloroquine and Metronidazole

Chloroquine vs Metronidazole

Malaria (Plasmodium spp.); Entamoeba, Trichomonas

The Anthelminthic Drugs are

Niclosamide, Praziquantel, and Pyranted Pamoate

Niclosamide vs Praziquantel vs Pyranted Pamoate

Tapeworms (Cestodes); Flatworms (Flukes or Trematodes); Intestinal Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides)

The Anthelminthic Drugs are

Mebendazole and Ivermectin

Mebendazole vs Ivermectin

Intestinal Roundworms x2

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing are

performed when susceptibility cannot be predicted or when drug resistance develops

Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing are

well defined incubation conditions where the zones of inhibition are measured and compared to interpretive charts

Antimicrobial Resistance is

required immunity to which microorganisms have developed resistence to numerous antibiotics

Drug combinations of Synergistic effects and antagonism mean

antimicrobial effects are enhanced; antimicrobial effect is diminished

Bacteremia means

presence of bacteria in blood

Septicemia means

bacteria in blood that are multiplying and toxins are being released

Sepsis is

systemic inflammatory response to infection (organ dysfunction present)

Septic Shock is the __ severe stage of sepsis; a.k.a sepsis with persistent __

most; hypotension (low blood pressure)

Pueperal Sepsis is also known as

Childbirth Fever

What causes Puerperal Sepsis

Streptococcus Pyogenes

Why does Plueperal Sepsis occur

transmitted to the mother during childbirth by attending providers; improperly performed abortions