Unit nine

and makeup of the populations of countries to make…

comparisons and predictions.

Demographers also study properties that affect population growth, such as…

economics and social structure

Developed countries have…

• higher average incomes

• slower population growth

• diverse industrial economies

• stronger social support systems

Developing countries have…

• lower average incomes

• simple and agriculture-based economics

• rapid population growth

is the classification of members of a population into groups according to age or the distribution of members of a population in terms of age groups

age structure

age structure helps…

demographers make predictions

is the number of births (usually per year) per 1,000 women of childbearing age (usually 15 to 44)

a fertility rate

is the average number of children each parent must have in order to “replace” themselves

replacement level

the replacement level number is slightly more than 2 because…

not all children born will survive and reproduce

movement into an area is…

immigration

movement out of an area is…

emigration

first stage of the demographic transition…

society is in a preindustrial condition

first stage…

• birth rate and the death rate are both at high levels

• population size is stable

second stage of the demographic transition…

a population explosion occurs

second stage…

• death rates decline as hygiene, nutrition, and education improve

• birth rates remain high, so the population grows very fast

third stage of the demographic transition…

population growth slows because birth rate decreases

third stage…

birth rate becomes close to the death rate, population size stabilizes (population is much larger than before the demographic transition)

fourth stage of the demographic transition…

birth rate drops below replacement level, so the size of the population begins to decrease

is the basic facilities of a country or region, such as roads, bridges, sewers, power plants, subways, schools, and hospitals.

Infrastructure

Problems of Rapid Population Growth…

• A Shortage of Fuelwood

• Unsafe Water

• Impacts on Land

Growing populations also make trade-offs between competing uses for land such as…

agriculture, housing, or natural habitats.

is an increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas.

Urbanization

Today, less developed countries face the likelihood that continued population growth will prevent them from…

imitating the development of the world’s economic leaders.

ICPD Goals for 2015- 1

Provide universal access to a full range of safe and reliable family-planning methods and related reproductive health services.

ICPD Goals for 2015- 2

Reduce infant mortality rates to below 35 infant deaths per 1,000 live births and mortality rates of children under five years old to below 45 deaths per 1,000 live births

ICPD Goals for 2015- 3

Close the gap in maternal mortality between developing and developed countries. Achieve a maternal mortality rate below 60 deaths per 100,000 live births.

ICPD Goals for 2015- 4

increase life expectancy at birth to ore than 75 years. In countries with the highest mortality, increase life expectancy at birth to more than 70 years.

ICPD Goals for 2015- 5

Achieve universal access to and completion of primary education. Ensure the widest and earliest possible access by girls and women to secondary and higher levels of education

How did the human population change in the last 200 years?

Which of the following has the most effect on the infant mortality rate?

Why have populations in most developed countries stopped growing?

What is there term for the average number of years a person is likely to live?

Which of the following can be inferred from the medium growth rate predicted?

What does the chart project as the most likely outcome for the world population?

By how many billions of people will the population increase between 1950 and 2005?