NURS 327 – WEEK 3 RAPID NCLEX / NGN REVIEW - Labor and Birth Processes

These flashcards cover essential topics related to labor and birth processes, focusing on the Five Ps, stages of labor, pain management, and nursing care.

What are the Five Ps of Labor?

Passenger, Passageway, Powers, Position, Psyche.

What does 'Passenger' refer to in the Five Ps of Labor?

The fetus and placenta.

What is the preferred fetal presentation during labor?

Vertex.

What type of lie is considered ideal for labor?

Longitudinal.

What is the general attitude of the fetus during labor?

General flexion.

What fetal position is considered ideal for labor?

LOA (Left Occipitoanterior) or ROA (Right Occipitoanterior).

Which pelvic type is best for birth?

Gynecoid.

What are the types of pelvis that may affect labor?

Gynecoid, Android, Anthropoid, Platypelloid.

What are the characteristics of true labor?

Regular contractions, stronger and closer together, with cervical change.

What are the signs of false labor?

Irregular contractions that are relieved with rest/hydration, no cervical dilation.

What are some signs of impending labor?

Lightening, bloody show, cervical ripening, stronger Braxton Hicks, weight loss, energy surge.

What occurs during the first stage of labor?

Contractions leading to 10 cm dilation.

What happens during the second stage of labor?

The birth of the infant.

What is delivered during the third stage of labor?

The placenta.

What is monitored during the fourth stage of labor?

Hemorrhage risk.

What are the phases of the first stage of labor?

Latent (0–3 cm), Active (4–7 cm), Transition (8–10 cm).

What type of pain is experienced during the first stage of labor?

Visceral pain.

What type of pain is experienced during the second stage of labor?

Somatic pain.

What are non-pharmacologic methods of pain management during labor?

Breathing, positioning, heat/cold, hydrotherapy.

What are some pharmacologic methods of pain management during labor?

Opioids, nitrous oxide, epidural, spinal block.

What is the priority assessment when administering an epidural?

Monitor maternal blood pressure due to hypotension risk.

What changes occur in maternal adaptations during labor?

Increased cardiac output and oxygen demand, delayed gastric emptying, decreased bladder sensation.

How does the fetus adapt to labor?

Tolerance to hypoxia via HbF, lung fluid clearance, surfactant production.

What nursing care is required during the second stage of labor?

Monitor fetal heart rate and pushing, support bearing down, prepare for birth.

What signs indicate the third stage of labor?

Firm fundus, gush of blood, cord lengthening.

What is the priority during the fourth stage of labor?

Monitor for hemorrhage, assess fundal firmness, promote bonding and breastfeeding.

What is a key reminder for NCLEX regarding cervical changes?

Cervical change indicates true labor.

What is a priority after administering an epidural?

Monitoring for hypotension.

What stage of labor has the highest hemorrhage risk?

Fourth stage.

How is pain categorized during labor?

Visceral during the first stage and somatic during the second stage.

What are Braxton Hicks contractions?

Practice contractions that can be stronger as labor approaches.