B1 - Cell Biology

Nucleus

Stores DNA, controls cell activities

Mitochondria

Respiration, releases energy

Cell membrane

Allows permeation

Cytoplasm

Where chemical reactions occur

Ribosomes

Protein synthesis site

Eukaryote

A cell that contains membrane bound sub cellular structures (organelles) such as a nucleus and mitochondria

Resolution

The ability to distinguish between two points. A higher resolution means you can see more detail

Magnification

Making an image look larger by magnifying it, usually with a microscope

Equation for magnification

Magnification = image size / actual size

Differentiation

When cells differentiate for a specific function and become specialised

Diffusion

The random movement of particles in a liquid or gas state from an area of higher to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient. It is a passive process.

Osmosis

Movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution down a concentration gradient. It occurs across a partially permeable membrane. It is a passive process.

Concentration

The number of solute particles in a specific volume of solvent

Equation for mass change

% mass change = ((final mass - start mass) / initial mass) x 100

Active transport

The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration, across a partially permeable membrane. It is an active process and requires energy. It goes against the concentration gradient.

Partially permeable membrane

A membrane that allows specific particles across based on size