Structure and Function in Plants with Emphasis on Angiosperms

Plant organs

shoots leaves flowers fruits roots

Shoot system

above ground plant structures

Leaves

organs for photosynthesis

Flowers

reproductive structures for pollination

Fruits

mature structures containing seeds

Roots

absorb water and minerals from soil

Angiosperms

flowering plants

Plant shoots

include stems leaves flowers

Leaf function

photosynthesis and gas exchange

Flower function

reproduction and pollination

Fruit function

protects and spreads seeds

Root function

water and nutrient absorption

Root storage

stores water and energy in some plants

Vascular plants

plants with transport tissues

Nonvascular plants

plants without transport tissues

Xylem

transports water and minerals

Phloem

transports sugars

Vascular tissue

system for internal transport

Cohesion tension

mechanism that pulls water up plants

Cohesion

water molecules stick to each other

Adhesion

water sticks to plant vessel walls

Water transport

movement from roots to leaves

Food translocation

movement of sugars in plants

Sap

sugar solution in phloem

Osmosis

water movement into phloem

Sugar storage

stored as starch in plants

Starch

storage form of plant energy

Storage organs

roots and stems that store food