Circulatory System and other questions - Final

Systolic pressure

Force as blood pumps out of heart and into arteries

Diastolic Pressure

force created when the heart rests between beats

What causes a heart attack

Heart muscle begins to die from lack of oxygen/nutrients caused by a buildup of plaque

Functions of Blood

• Collects Oxygen from lungs, nutrients from intestines, waste from tissues

• Regulates body conditions (ex: T° and pH)

• Fights infections

• Repairs damage (blood clots)

blood is Plasma (55%)

• 90% water

• 10% dissolved substances

rest of blood is

45% cells

White blood cells (Leukocytes)

Defend against bacteria, viruses, parasites, tumor cells

Endocardium

• Inner layer

• Thin, smooth lining inside heart chambers

Myocardium

• Middle layer

• Thickest layer

• Made of cardiac muscle

Responsible for the hearts pumping action.

Epicardium

• Outer Layer

• Thin outermost layer; part of the protective pericardium

Pericardium

double layered sac that surrounds the heart

Space between is filled with pericardial fluid which

reduces friction as the heart beats.

Arteries

carry blood AWAY from the heart

Veins

carry blood BACK TO the heart

Capillaries

smallest blood vessels, sites of nutrient/waste exchange between arteries/veins.

Right side of the heart is responsible for

PULMONARY CIRCULATION (blood flow to the lungs)

Left side of the heart is responsible for

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION (blood flow to the body)

CORONARY CIRCULATION

supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.

Trabeculae carneae

Ridges of muscle on the inner surface of the ventricles - “meaty ridges”

Pectinate Muscles

Ridges of muscles on the inner surface of the atria

Fossa Ovalis

Small, oval depression in right atrium. Remnany of the foramen ovale which is a hole between the atria present during fetal development

Papillary Muscles

Attach to the chordae tendineae to assist with valve functions

Chordae tendineae

“Heart strings,” connect to the valves to prevent them from opening backwards (into the atria)