Unit 5A: Constantine and the Christian Empire
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26 Terms
Who was Diocletian?
Roman emperor (284-305 CE) who launched the most intense persecution of Christians
The Great Persecution
Empire-wide attack on Christians (303 CE): churches destroyed, scriptures burned, rights removed, forced sacrifices
Why did Diocletian persecute Christians?
He saw them as disloyal, socially disruptive, and offensive to Roman gods
Did the Great Persecution destroy Christianity?
No
Christianity continued to grow and spread
Why did Christianity survive persecution?
Widespread
Had social support
Persecution strengthened group identity
Tetrarchy
A system of rule by four emperors created by Diocletian to stabilize succession
Did the Tetrarchy succeed?
No
Collapsed into civil war after 305 CE
Constantine the Great
Roman emperor who legalized and favoured Christianity
Who did Constantine defeat at the Battle of Milvian Bridge and what year?
Maxentius in 312 CE
Why is the Battle of the Milvian Bridge important?
Constantine credited victory to the Christian God
What symbol did Constantine reportedly see before battle?
The Chi-Rho (☧), a symbol of Christ
What phrase is associated with Constantine’s vision?
“Conquer by this.”
What was the Edict of Milan?
Law granting religious toleration, including to Christians
What did the Edict of Milan do for Christians?
Legalized Christianity and restored confiscated property
Did the Edict of Milan make Christianity the official religion?
No—it only legalized it
Licinius
Constantine’s co-emperor and later rival
How did Licinius treat Christians?
Initially tolerant, later persecuted them
What happened in 324 CE?
Constantine defeated Licinius and became sole emperor
What major church did Constantine build in Rome?
St. John Lateran
What famous church was built over Peter’s tomb?
Old St. Peter’s Basilica
What church was built at Jesus’ tomb?
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Who was Helena?
Constantine’s mother who identified holy sites in Jerusalem
How did Constantine financially support the Church?
Gave land, money, and resources
When did Constantine die?
337 CE
When was Constantine baptized?
On his deathbed
Where was Constantine buried?
Constantinople