War of roses

Edward Crowned King

28 June 1461

Battle of Hedgely Moor

April 1464

Battle of Hexham

May 1464

Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville

1 May 1464

July 1465

Henry VI captured and put in the tower of London

November 1467

Commercial treaty with Burgundy concluded

Marriage treaty with Burgundy. Charles of Burgundy married Edward’s sister margaret

March 1468

Rebellion of Robin of Redesdale

April 1469

Battle of Edecote

July 1469

Battle of Losecote

March 1470

Edward flees to Burgundy and Henry VI restored to the throne

October 1470

Battle of Barnet. Warwick killed

April 1471

Battle of Tewkesbury (Edward prince of wales killed) Henry VI captured and killed shortly after

May 1471

Marriage of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou

March 1445

End of Duke of York’s lieutenancy in France

September 1445

Duke of Somerset appointed lieutenant in France

December 1446

York apppointed Lieutenant of Ireland

July 1447

Surrendur of Anjou and Maine

March 1448

French Invasion of Normandy

April 1449

York takes up his post as lieutenant of Ireland

July 1449

Exile and Murder of Duke of Suffolk

April 1450

Cades Rebellion

May/June 1450

Loss of Normandy + defeated somerset return from france

August 1450

Return from Ireland of Richard duke of York

September 1450

Edward regains throne

March 1471

Treaty of Chateaugiron with Burgundy

September 1472

Treaty of London with Burgundy

July 1474

Treaty of Picquigny with France

August 1475

Death of Edward duke of Clarence

February 1478

Death of Edward IV

April 1483

Lord Hastings,Earl Rivers,Richard Grey and Thomas Vaughan executed

June 1483

Edward V and Richard, Duke of York last seen in the tower of London

July 1483

Buckingham rebellion

October 1483

Death of Richard’s only son Edward

April 1484

Death of Queen Anne

March 1485

Battle of Bosworth field; Richard is killed and Henry VII becomes king

August 1485

How much money did Cardinal Beaufort lend the crown

£200,000

When was the duke of Suffolk made lord Chamberlain

1447

When did Henry VI fund Eton and King’s college respectively

1440 and 1443

Initial act of resumption (another was needed the next year)

1450

Which clerics benefited from Henry’s generosity and willingness to grant patronage

Adam Moleyns and William Ayscough. (Both were given bishophrics, Moleyns Chichester Ayscough Salisbury

How much did Henry VI’s revenue from customs fall

£40,677 in 1421 to £28,100 in 1446-8

Death of Cardinal Beaufort (he had bankrolled much of the crown’s war effort)

1447

Parliament called to grant tax for new war

February 1449

Why was york frustrated with somerset

Replaced him in France, Somserset’s loans paid back quickly,felt excluded as senior male relative

When was John Beaufort appointed governor of Gascony

1443

When did York fail his campaign in Normandy

1443 at Dieppe

When was Normandy lost

1450

What did Somerset do to secure safe passage for himself?

Surrendered fortresses held by York such as Rouen.

How much was York owed by the king

£38,000

What was the impact of failure in France

Loss of trust in the military leaders

Treaty of Tours

1444

When did England break the truce by seizing the fortress of Fourgeres

March 1449

Battle of Rouen

October 1449- Decisive French victory

When was Adam Moleyns killed

January 1450

Who killed Adam Moleyns

unpaid soldiers and sailors

When was Suffolk exiled

February 1450

When was William Ayscough,Bishop of Salisbury killed by his own parishioners

June 1450

When did Cade’s rebellion begin

May 1450

When did Cade reach Blackheath

1st June 1450

How large was Cade’s army

46,000

Causes of Cade’s rebellion

Threats against Kent following Suffolk’s death,

Taxes unfairly levied

Taxes increased because Henry had given so much crown land away

Justice was corrupt

Henry’s favourites allowed to keep power despite misgovernment

How many men did Henry have in his army when he returned to London

10,000 half of them joined Cade

What happened at Sevenoaks

The king’s men were ambushed and slaughtered

How did unrest spread?

Bishop of Lichfield and Norwich threatened by mobs

Bishop of Salisbury was killed

Which two people were targeted to be killed in London?

Lord Saye and William Crowmer

What did Margaret of Anjou do to help end the rebellion?

She promised all of the rebels pardon if they went home

When did York return from Ireland

September 1450

What did York claim the king’s men tried to do in Wales?

He claimed that they had tried to imprison him

How did York raise suspicions

He travelled throigh his estates to grow his entourage as he approached London

How many men did York have with him as he approached London?

3,000

How much was York owed by the government upon his return

£26,000

What other financial problems did York have

He had not been paid his wages as Lieutenant of Ireland so had to sell land to make ends meet.

What proposal put forward by Thomoas Yonge did the commons agree to

The commons agreed that York should be made heir apparent

When did Warwick come through London

24th November 1450

What did Warwick’s men do

Attacked Somerset’s house and stole his goods

How was Somerset saved

The mayor and the commons gathered a force around the city

What happened to Somerset following the outbreak of protests?

Place in the tower of London in December 1450 for his own safety until the situation calmed.

What did York do in september 1450

Made a public statement calling for traitors to be brought to justice.

Who did York ally with before the attempted coup in 1452

William Courtenay earl of Devon

When did York reach Dartford

2 March 1452

When did Henry VI’s mental illness begin

August 1453

When did Henry VI recover from his mental illness

January 1455

When was the battle of Castillion

17th July 1453

When was a party of Nevilles attacked by the percy family

24 August 1453

When did Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Kemp die

March 1454

When was Edward Prince of Wales born

13 October 1453

Who was the only noble who came out in support of Margaret’s bid for regency

Viscount Beaumont

Which other men put themselves forward for regent

Duke of Exeter, Henry Holland

What was Henry Holland’s claim for regent based on

He was a grandson of Henry IV’s sister Elizabeth

When did York call for a parliament

February 1454

What happened because parliament attendance was so low

Fines were issued on peers for the first and only time for non attendance

Which two nobles rejected York’s rule

The Duke of Exeter and the Percies.

When was Somerset placed in the tower of London

November 1453

What position held by Somerset did York give to himself

Captain of Calais

Why was York unable to form a broad based council?

He was unwilling to work with Somerset

What limit was there on York’s power as protector

He could not replace members of the king’s household

How much did York reduce the household expenditure by?

from £24,000 in 1450 to £5,193 in 1455

How much income was there from customs on wool in certain years

£30,000