Previous exam questions (DRAFT, only 2013)

True or False: There is a 1:1 transmission at the NMJ and synapse

False —- (IDK REALLY NEED TO ASK)

True or false: Red, slow twitch skeletal muscle fibers fatigue very rapidly

False — red fibers are highly resistent to fatigue

How much blood volume does Plasma take up

55%

What surrounds a group of skeletal muscle cells

perimysium

Which muscle protein has the highest affinity for calcium

Troponin

Where do abductors pull a limb too

away from the midline of the body

True or False: Work is done in an isometric contraction

False

Normaly mammalian RBC lifespan

100 days

What is milk fever caused by

a deficiency of calcium in the blood

what is the storage form for phosphate bonds in skeletal muscle

Creatine phosphate

What is growth in skeletal muscle due too

Hypertrophy

Percentence that red blood cells make up compared to all blood cells

30-50%

Male vs female hematocrit

males have higher

What is serum

the fluid from clotted blood

T/F: Myoblasts are multinucleated

False

What are the replacement skeletal muscle cells called

satellite

Which 2 bands shorten during skeletal muscle contraction

H and I

Function hemoglobin has an iron in what state

Fe²⁺

Color of ‘escape’ muscles of fish

white

what is the skeletal msucle reservioir for glucose

glycogen

color of ‘migratory’ muscles of fish and birds

red

where is ADH produced

hypothalamus

What product builds up as oxygen debt in anaerboic muscle contraction

Lactic acid

2 hormones that increase RBC production

Erythropoietin and testosterone

thin muscle myofilament

actin

thick muscle myofilament

myosin

brown blood is a result of what happening to the hemoglobin

Oxidized - Fe³⁺

How many heme groups in a hemoglobin molecule

4

Name the 7 steps of muscle contraction and relaxation

1. Action potential in alpha motor neuron

2. EPP

3. Action potential i nT tubule

4. Sacroplasmic reticulum releases calcium

5. Troponin binds calcium

6. Tropomyosin uncovers binding (acceptor) sitres

7. ATP breakdown to rotate myosin - powerstroke

What is the largest componenet of a skeletal muscle

myofiber

where is erthropoietin producted

kidneys

which of the following most accurately approciamtes the normal amount of blood in an animal

7.5% of body weight

If you were to extract the protein molecules from the A band which of the following molecules would be found in the extract

• Myosin

• Actin

• Tropomyosin

• Troponin

If you were to extract the protein molecules from the H band which of the following molecules would be found in the extract

Myosin

The AP is distributed over the skeletal muscle fiber on the….

sarcolemma

what 4 things happen when the skeeltal muscle contracts an arrangeent of alternating light and dark bands traversing each muscle cell changes

• the dark A bands will remain a constant length

• The space occupied by the H zone will change

• the light I bands will shorten

• the Z lines come closer together

what muscle can be moved voluntarily

skeletal

When pyruvic acid is prodiced by faster than it can be utilized, the surplus is converted to

lactic acid

Which of the ofllowing is typical of both cardiac and skeletal msucles

they are straited

Rigor mortis results from what after death

Lack of ATP in muscles

Several hours after a normal death, the pH of the skeletal muscle will be

5.5

The motor unit is

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers innervated by it

During concentration of a skeletal muscle cell its important to rememmeber

neither the thin myofilaments nor the thick myofilaments change in length

the end to end arrnagement of sacromeres is a

myofibril

the gene that regulates/limit muscle growth is

myostatin

the NMJ 4 true statements

• one way conduction from axon to motor end plate

• transmission by chemical means

• one motor end plate on each sarcolemma

• fatigue more readily than the neuron