us history sem 2 study guide

post world war II soviet/US tensions

the soviets were separated from the u.s. and western powers

the “iron curtain”

separates the communist countries from western democracies

marshall plan

americans helped europe’s economic recovery

north atlantic treaty organization (NATO)

goal was mutual defense of western countries

conclusion of the korean war

the war did little to change how korea was divided

cold war hysteria

• HUAC formed

• alger hiss accused of spying

• soviets detonate a-bomb

• rosenburgs spying

• McCarthyism

senator Joseph McCarthy

said that he had a list of communists employed by the state department

baby boom

large amount of children born after WWII

interstate highway act

caused an increase in suburbanization

social conformity/beat movement

• considered a form of rebellion

• clothes and music in 1950s

post world war II american cities

• “white flight” led to a decline in property taxes

• african americans moved from the south to the urban north

• black neighborhoods in cities experienced riots

1960 presidential campaign

• first television broadcast of presidential debates

bay of pigs invasion

• made u.s. look bad

• embarrassed kennedy

cuban missile crisis

• soviets removed missiles from cuba

• u.s. promised to not invade cuba

• u.s. secretly removed missiles from turkey

jfk’s alliance for progress and peace corps

• support developing nations

• while containing communism

• women gained educational and leadership opportunities

LBJs great society

• end poverty

• racial equality

the warren court expanded _________ and the rights of the _______

• civil rights

• accused

plessy v ferguson - what did it say was “ok”

the “separate but equal” doctrine

jim crow laws

seperate facilities for races

brown v board of education

led to desegregation of public schools

death of emmett till

became a symbol of racial injustice and inspired many to seek equality for all

rosa parks

• organized a bus boycott

little rock central high school

• sent u.s. army troops to enforce school integration

MLKs philosophy (civil disobedience)

use of civil disobedience to fight for civil rights

freedom riders

racial integration of public facilities

de jure (jury) vs de facto segregation

de jure = by law

• poll tax

• Jim crow

• literacy tests

de facto

• seperation by practice and custom

• neighborhood with concentration of groups

civil rights act of 1964

• ended segregation in public places

• ended discrimination

• federal agency to stop discrimination in work place

voting rights act of 1965

• banned literacy tests

• increased voter registration for minorities

“black power”

• african americans should be proud of their heritage

• physical self defense and even violence is an option for african americans

• african americans should take control of their destiny

domino theory

nations in Asia would fall one after another to communism

agent orange

• caused health problems for people

• caused environmental problems

• purpose was to destroy the vietcongs ability to hide in jungles

vietnam on TV/credibility gap

governments reports did not match news coverage

martin luther kings opinion on the vietnam war

it was unfair that they were fighting for a country that treated them unfairly at home

vietnam war draft protests

• burning draft cards

• fleeing to canada

• going to prison

tet offensive (walter cronkite)

led to open criticism on the war effort

bonbing of cambodia and laos

• secret bombing without congressional approval

• increased peoples distrust of governments

what was vietnamization

nixons plan to end the war: gradual withdrawal of troops

kent state

demonstration against invasion of cambodia

cesar chavez

called for nationwide boycott of grapes

betty friedan’s “the feminine mystique”

women reported having every thing they could want, but still felt unfulfilled

equal rights amendment (why did people oppose it)

over concerns it would make women “hate men, marrige, and children”

roe vs wade (what did the supreme court say)

states could not regulate abortion in the first three months of pregnancy

vietnam draft

• impacted lower class and minorities

• prohbited homosexuals

government secrecy - pentagon papers and watergate

pentagon papers - causes of Vietnam war

watergate - scandal about nixons attempt to cover up break in at DNC headquarters

1973 oil embargo imposed by OPEC led to what

• gas shortages

• high gas prices

what did ford do that made him pretty unpopular

• pardoned nixon after watergate

• ford hoped to put the scandal behind the nation

nixons policy of detente

goal was to reduce tensions between u.s. and soviets

goal of carter’s foreign policy

promote and advocate for human rights

camp david accords

failures:

• giving up panama canal

• malaise speech

• Iranian hostage crisis

camp david accords were his success

rachel carson and silent spring

• she was a biologist that wrote a book which led to creation of EPA

• it warned against use of pesticides

affirmative action

seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring groups who were once disadvantaged

supply side economics

• tax cuts will help stimulate the economy

conservative political movement

• supporters dont want more funding for social programs

they like:

• family values, tax cuts, defense spending

liberal ideology

supports more involvement of federal governments and integrated schools

fall of berlin wall

• symbolized the end of the Cold war

iran hostage crisis

carter lost his reelection as a result

aids epidemic

• exploded in 80s and 90s

• initially believed to be a disease w homosexual white men

• when magic johnson, a famous basketball player, announced he had it, it showed that if affected more than gay white men

AIM vs SCLC

AIM focused on protecting sovereignty and rights of native/indigenous people

california briggs initiative

• stonewall riot helped start gay rights movement

• sought equal rights and protection under the law

• proposed in 1978

• intended to prevent gay and lesbian people from teaching in public schools