AP CSP Internet Test Review

Bandwidth

Maximum amount of data in a certain amount of time

Computing Device

Machine that runs programs

Computing Network

Group of connected devices that send or recieve data

Computing System

Group of devices and programs working together for the same idea

Path

Multiple connections between computing devices at a starting and ending point

IP Address

Specific number for each device on the internet

Internet Protocol (IP)

Sending data across the Internet that sends specific numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Protocol

Set of rules the create the the behavior of a system

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to work even if something happens. This is important because things can fail at anytime, like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

Redundancy

 The inclusion of extra parts so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail

Router

A type of computer that sends data across a network

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all. 

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

 A protocol for sending packets quickly. less accuracy and no resending of packets that weren’t received

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP

Packets are sent with a higher accuracy, allowing for them to be resent and reorganized. Takes longer to send though

Packet Metadata

 Data added to packets to help send them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Fault Tolerant

 Can continue to function even if there is a failure. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times

Digital divide

Unequal access to devices and the Internet, such as by income, location or age. It widens when essential services move online only, without providing access.

 overflow error

when a value is larger than the fixed number of bits can store

Lossless compression

lets the exact original be restored.

Lossy compression

permanently discards some data to make the file smaller

Which choice is better when quality is less important? Lossless or Lossy

 Lossy is the better choice when size or speed matters more than perfect quality, as with streaming video or sharing photos.

DNS

turns domain names into IP addresses.

Internet vs. World Wide Web

The Internet is a network of networks: the hardware plus the protocols. The Web is a system of linked pages and files reached with HTTP. The Web uses the Internet.