Social Psychology 1

Social psychology

studying way people relate to others

social influence theory

idea that how people act is affected by others around them

attribution theory

explains how individuals interpret behavior, success, failure by attributing an internal factor to external

dispositions attribution/person attribution

Internal, links behavior to personal character traits like intelligence

situation attribution

external, linking behavior to environmental factors

stable attributions

permanence

unstable attributions

variability

what do people make attributions based off

consistency, distinctiveness, consensus

consistency in main attributions

how similarly individuals act in same situation over time

distinctiveness in making attributions

similarity of situation to others watched in individual

consensus in making attributions

how others in same situation respond

what is important to make person or situational attribution

consensus

what is important to make stable or unstable attribution

consistency

self fulfilling prophecy

belief or prejudice or expectation of others can influence the way they behave

Pygmalion effect

high expectation lead to improved performance and vice versa

attributions bias

typical biases that make attribution errors

fundamental attribution error

overestimating dispositions factors and underestimating role of situational variables

actor observer bias

people get to view themselves in many situations so the tend to attribute their own behavior to situations factors

false consensus effect

overestimate number of people that agree with you

self serving bias

tendency to take more credit for good outcomes and less for bad ones

just world phenomenon/bias

bad things happen to bad people, tendency to blame victims

attitude

set or beliefs and feelings, evaluative, either positive or negative

mere exposure effect

more exposed to somethings, the more you will come to like it, ex.ads

elaboration likelihood model

how people process info and change attitudes: central route, peripheral route

elaboration likelihood model: central route

route to persuasion that involves deeply processing content: ex.why is this meat better?

elaboration likelihood model: peripheral route

involves other aspects like who it imparting the message

do attitudes predict behaviors?

no; what people say they do and what the actually do is very diff.

cognitive dissonance theory

people are motivated to have consistent attitudes and behaviors, if not they will experience discomfort and try to change behavior or belief

compliance strategies

foot-in-the -door, door-in-the-face techniques

foot-in-the-door technique

if you can get people to agree to small requests, they are more likely to agree to larger ones

ex: ask for $5 then $20

foot in the door technique

door-in-the-face technique

after people refuse large request, they are more likely to look more favorable to smaller, more reasonable follow up

ask for $100 and they refuse, then ask for $20

door in the face technique

social reciprocity norm

when someone does something nice to you, you feel obligated to do something in return

social responsibility norm

we should all do things that make the world and society a better place

social traps

undermine efforts for society, we act for our own interests because we think our individual contribution is so small anyway