bone tissue

These vocabulary flashcards cover the histology, cellular components, and structural variations of bone tissue as described in the lecture notes.

Bone tissue

Also known as Osseous tissue; a strong and light weight tissue.

Osteology

The study of bone tissue and bone disorders.

Osteoprogenetor cells

Unspecialized cells that undergo mitosis and develop into osteoblasts; they are found in the periosteum, endosteum, and canals containing blood vessels.

Osteoblasts

Cells derived from osteoprogenitor cells that form bone but do not divide; they secrete collagen and other organic bone components.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that do not divide or secrete matrix; they are trapped in the bone matrix and maintain cellular activities such as the exchange of nutrients and waste with blood.

Osteoclasts

Cells believed to develop from circulating monocytes that settle on the bone surface and function in bone reabsorption.

Bone Matrix Composition

Contains mineral salts of tricalcium phosphate (hydoxyapatite) and calcium carbonate, with small amounts of magnesium hydroxide, sulfate, and fluoride.

Calcification

The process in which salts are deposited in the framework formed by collagen fibers; salts provide hardness, while fibers provide tensile strength.

Compact (dense) bone tissue

Tissue with few spaces that makes up the bulk of the diaphysis, providing strength to long bones through a concentric ring structure.

Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone; target-shaped structures made of rings of bone.

Central (Haversian) canal

A hole at the center of the osteon containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Concentric lamellae

Rings of bone around the central canal that make up the osteon.

Lacunae

Small spaces located between the lamellae that is storage for osteocytes

Canaliculi

Small channels radiating away from the lacunae, filled with extracellular fluid and processes from osteocytes.

Interstitial lamellae

Arches of bone that fill up the spaces between the osteons.

Circumferential lamellae

Arches of bone around the surface of the bones that make the bone surface smooth.

Perforating canals

Tubes in the sides of the bones that allow blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves to reach the central canals of the osteons.

Spongy bone tissue

Tissue that does not contain osteons, instead featuring an irregular lattice of bone plates called trabeculae; it makes up short, flat, and irregularly shaped bones and the epiphysis of long bones.

Trabeculae

Irregular lattice of bone plates found in spongy bone tissue

Long bones

Longer length than width, curved for strength, mostly made up of compact bone but with some spongy bone

Short bones

Cube shaped, made up of spongy bone except at the surface where there is a thin later of compact bone

Flat bones

Thin, composed of two parallel plates of compact bone that surrounds a layer of spongy bone, provides protection and places for muscle attachment

Irregular bones

Complex shape, varies in amount of spongy and compact bone tissue

Bones classified by location

Sutural bones and sesamoid bones

Sutural bones

Small bones found in the sutures of certain cranial bones, varies in number between people

Not everyone contains what bone

Sutural bone

Sesamoid bone

Small bones warped in tendons where pressure develops

Diaphysis

Main shaft of long bone

Epiphysis

Ends of a long bone

Metaphysis

In mature long bone where epiphysis meets the diaphysis, in growing bone it contains the epiphyseal plate

Articular cartilage

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage where the bone articulates with another bone

Periosteum

Found in all bone types, Membrane around the surface of bone that is not covered by articular cartilage, necessary for bone growth in repair etc.

Two layers of periosteum

Fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer

Fibrous layer

Made up of dense irregular connective tissue, contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

Inner osteogenic layer

Contains elastic fibers, blood vessels, and some bone cells

Medullary

Soft marrow cavity, space in diaphysis filled with yellow bone marrow

Endosteum

Membrane that lines the medullary cavity, contains osteoprogentor ceoos and osteoclasts