Pe - questions that i got wrong in past tests (yr10)

Joint classification of the ankle and range of movement at it (1 pair)

Hinge joint. Dorsi flexion and plantar flexion

Joint classification of the shoulder and range of movement at it (1 pair)

Ball and socket. Abduction and adduction

What are the energy sources for both anaerobic and aerobic exercise?

Anaerobic - carbohydrate

Aerobic - fat

Explain which type of exercise gives lactic acid as a by-product

Anaerobic exercise. This is because there is not enough oxygen to meet the demands of the working muscles, leading to lactic acid build-up and oxygen debt

Explain the importance of blood plasma when training for a long-distance event

It transports red blood cells carrying oxygen so that their muscles can continue to work aerobically and delay fatigue, meaning they can train for longer, helping them perform better in the event.

Explain one reason why vascular shunting is necessary in a game of basketball.

Necessary to transport oxygen to the working muscles that require oxygen so that the player can continue to work aerobically and break down lactic acid, so they can ‘work’ at a higher intensity for longer

Name one role of the latissimus dorsi

Adduct the arm at the shoulder

Name one role of the gastrocnemius

Plantar flexion at the ankle

When a muscle contracts in an antagonistic pair, is this called the agonist or the antagonist?

Agonist

State a range of movement possible at the pivot joint, and an example of this type of joint in the body

Rotation

Atlas and axis

State a range of movement possible at the hinge joint, and an example of this type of joint in the body

From flexion to extension

Knee joint

State a range of movement possible at the ball and socket joint, and an example of this type of joint in the body

Circumduction

Shoulder joint

Give two functions of the skeletal system that help the gymnast move his lower body into this position

-Skeletal system provides attachment points for muscle. Muscles can contract and relax to pull on bones, creating movement. Here, the triceps contract and pull on the elbow, causing extension of the arms.

-Skeleton provides joints, which allow a wide range of movement in order to achieve this position. Here, the hip allows the gymnast to move the legs upwards and out

Explain the main muscle fibre that is used to jump high when taking the basketball shot

Type 2x will be used. This muscle fibre generates a lot of force because it can contract powerfully, allowing the player to jump high and shoot.

Analyse the action of the antagonistic muscle pair at the ankle which results in the gymnast achieving the shape in the photo

At the ankle, the gastrocnemius (agonist) contracts, and the tibialis anterior (antagonist) relaxes, causing plantar flexion.

During a game of basketball, vascular shunting takes place. Describe what happens to blood flow during vascular shunting

Blood flow is increased to active areas, by vasodilation of the blood vessel. There is reduced blood flow to inactive areas, by vasoconstriction of the blood vessels.

Explain the importance of breathing out an increased amount of CO2 during a long-distance race

Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product of aerobic respiration, which the runner needs to remove in order to delay fatigue and keep on running at a race pace for longer

Explain why George’s badminton performance will be lower after his long break from playing. Use the image (health → exercise → fitness → performance)

-Due to his illness, he is unable to exercise.

-The drop in frequency of exercise will mean his fitness will drop

-Because of this drop in fitness he will be unable to work at the same intensity, reducing the levels of his performance

State two tests for cardiovascular fitness

Harvard step test, cooper 12 minute run

Explain, out of the cooper 12 minute run/swim, which one is less appropriate to measure George’s badminton fitness

-Cooper 12 minute swim

-This is because George’s sport does not take place in a pool

-If George is weak at swimming this will not give an accurate representation of his cardiovascular fitness for his sport

How is muscular strength used in basketball

long pass

How is muscular endurance used in basketball

Be able to keep shooting

How can someone apply progressive overload to a sit up station

-Doing it for a longer time, without the risk of injury

-For example, sit ups for 45 seconds instead of 30 seconds

Give one advantage and disadvantage of plyometrics

Adv - Requires minimal equipment

Dis - can cause injury