Calcium Imbalance Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering the normal range, symptoms, causes, and nursing interventions for hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia based on the lecture notes.

Normal Calcium Range

The normal range for calcium is $8.5$ back to $10.5$.

Hypocalcemia

A condition where calcium levels are lower than $8.5$, causing nerves and muscles to become excited and fire too much.

Hypercalcemia

A condition where calcium levels are above $10.5$, causing nerves and muscles to slow down.

Calcium Functions

Calcium assists in muscle contraction, heart function, nerve transmission, and bone strength.

Causes of Hypocalcemia

Low vitamin D, kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, poor nutrition, and multiple blood transfusion.

Symptoms of Hypocalcemia

Muscle spams, tetani, twitching, tingling around mouth and fingers, and hyperactive reflexes.

Severe signs of Hypocalcemia

Seizure, laryngospams, and dyswitneas.

Shovedex Sign

A sign of hypocalcemia where tapping the cheek results in a partial twitch.

Tusa Sign

A sign involving blood pressure, cough, and flakes resulting in hand hand spams.

ECG change for Hypocalcemia

Longe QT interval.

Nursing interventions for Low Calcium

Give calcium supplement, implement seizure precautions, monitor airway, and monitor ECG.

Food high in Calcium

Milk, cheese, yogurt, and green vegetables.

Causes of Hypercalcemia

Hyperparathyroidism, cancer, excess calcium or excess vitamin D, and prolonged immobility.

Symptoms of Hypercalcemia

Weak muscle, decreased reflexes, fatigue, constipation, nausea, kidney stones, and heart dyslipneias.

ECG change for Hypercalcemia

Shortness QT interval.

Nursing interventions for High Calcium

Increased fluid and coherence mobility, monitor heart, and give diuretics.