Romanesque Italy and Germany

Desiderius Offering His Church, apse, S. Angelo in Formis (near Naples), fresco, c. 1085

Square halo is used to denote that this is a person of importance who is not a saint or is still living but still show that they are an important religious individual

S. Clemente, Rome (upper church), c. 1120-1128 S14.6

Scola Cantorum

Enclosed area before high altar for singing/chanting, marble tiled floor and fluted ionic columns influenced ancient roman architecture

S. Clemente, Rome (upper church), c. 1120-1128 S14.6

Cross as Tree of Life, apse, mosaic

mosaic popular in Italian romanesque, byzantine influences, Chi Rho and alpha and omega written in Latin lettering

S. Miniato al Monte, Florence, 1062-1150

facade made of different types of marble and visibly creates the effect of an arcade on a nave

S. Miniato al Monte, Florence, 1062-1150

wooden truss roofs are still common in Italy, alternating columns and compound piers

S. Giovanni (Baptistery), Florence, c. 1059-1150

free-standing baptisteries were needed in larger cities because everyone would be baptized in the same baptistry

Duomo (Cathedral), Pisa, 1063 and later

Campanile, Pisa, 1174

S. Ambrogio, Milan, eleventh to twelfth century

groin vaulted ceiling using a combination of brick and stone, creates more structural integrity and allows for more openings in the sides of the building

Kaiserdom (imperial cathedral), Speyer, Germany, 1061-1106 and later

Renier of Huy, Baptismal Font, St. Barthelemy, Liège, Belgium, bronze

Baptism of Christ

Area of germany had a large population of metalworkers working with cast metal, wepon making, armor and artwork

elements point back to earlier medieval representations of the baptism of Christ

Nicholas of Verdun, Klosterneuberg Altarpiece, gold and enamel, 1181

2 rows of old testement images and one of new testement

Nicholas of Verdun, Klosterneuberg Altarpiece, gold and enamel, 1181

Samson and the Lion, Samson and the Doors, Harrowing of Hell, Resurrection

images are mirrors of each other, old testement stories being told in ways that mirror the life of Christ

Nicholas of Verdun and workshop, Shrine of the Three Kings, Cathedral, Cologne,

gilt silver and bronze, enamel, filigree, gems, c. 1190-1230