Classical conditioning - Chapter 6

What is classical conditioning

A type of learning in which a NEUTRAL stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by ANOTHER stimulus

Classical conditioning was first described and demonstrated experimentally by WHO in WHAT year

Classical conditioning was first described and demonstrated experimentally by IVAN PAVLOV in 1903

Process of classical conditioning

1. WHAT response and a WHAT stimulus

2. WHAT response and a WHAT stimulus

3. WHAT response and a WHAT stimulus

4. WHAT response and a WHAT stimulus

Process of classical conditioning

1. UNCONDITIONED response and a UNCONDITIONED stimulus

2. NO response and a NEUTRAL stimulus

3. UNCONDITIONED response and a NEUTRAL and UNCONDITIONED stimulus

4. CONDITIONED response and a CONDITIONED stimulus

Unconditional stimulus (US)

A stimulus that has the ability to produce a specified response before conditioning begins (food)

Unconditioned response (UR)

The response produced by the unconditioned stimulus (salivation is produced by food)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

An initially neutral stimulus that comes to produce a new response because it is associated with the UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (bell)

Conditioned response (CR)

The response produced by the conditioned stimulus (salivation produced by the bell)

What is extinction

Conditioned response disappears. The animal’s behaviour is reverted back to the pre-conditioned state

What is acquisition

The conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus pairings lead to increased learning. As a result, the conditioned stimulus can produce the conditioned response

If the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, eventually the conditioned response WHAT

If the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, eventually the conditioned response EXTINGUISHES

After 24 hours, if the conditioned stimulus is presented alone, it will produce a WHAT conditioned response, known as WHAT

After 24 hours, if the conditioned stimulus is presented alone, it will produce a WEAK conditioned response, known as SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY

The conditioned response gets weaker and will WHAT if the conditioned stimulus is continually presented alone

The conditioned response gets weaker and will EXTINGUISH if the conditioned stimulus is continually presented alone

Generalisation

Similar stimuli lead to the SAME response

Discrimination

Similar stimuli DON’T lead to a response

What is discrimination training

When you want the conditioned reaction to only occur to a certain frequency of bell, you only present that bell (neutral stimuli) with the unconditioned stimuli (food), and then present other bell noises (neutral stimuli) without the unconditioned stimuli (food)

Graph of stimulus generalization vs discrimination

How does second-order conditioning work

1. Pair WHAT with WHAT

2. pair WHAT with WHAT

3. Condition stimulus 2 produces WHAT

4. Conditioned stimulus 1 serves as WHAT for conditioned stimulus 2

How does second-order conditioning work

1. Pair CONDITIONED STIMULUS 1 with UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

2. pair CONDITIONED STIMULUS 2 with CONDITIONED STIMULUS 1

3. Condition stimulus 2 produces UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

4. Conditioned stimulus 1 serves as UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS for conditioned stimulus 2