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41 Terms
1
Deinstitutionalization
The process of moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities.
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2
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
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3
Biomedical therapy
Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.
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4
Eclectic approach
An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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5
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique using free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences to release repressed feelings.
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6
Resistance
The blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material in psychoanalysis.
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7
Interpretation
The analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in psychoanalysis.
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8
Transference
The patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships in psychoanalysis.
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9
Psychodynamic therapy
Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences.
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10
Insight therapies
Therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing awareness of underlying motives.
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11
Person-centered therapy
A humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers using active listening within an accepting environment.
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12
Active listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification.
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13
Unconditional positive regard
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that helps clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
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14
Behavior therapy
Therapy that uses learning principles to reduce unwanted behaviors.
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15
Counterconditioning
Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli triggering unwanted behaviors.
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16
Exposure therapies
Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear.
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17
Systematic desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.
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18
Virtual reality exposure therapy
A counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through electronic simulations to face specific fears.
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19
Aversive conditioning
Associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
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20
Token economy
An operant conditioning procedure allowing tokens to be earned for exhibiting desired behaviors.
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21
Cognitive therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking.
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22
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
A confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.
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23
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
An integrative therapy combining cognitive therapy with behavior therapy.
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24
Group therapy
Therapy conducted with groups providing benefits from group interaction.
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25
Family therapy
Therapy that treats people in the context of their family system.
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26
Confirmation bias
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions.
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27
Meta-analysis
A statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.
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28
Evidence-based practice
Clinical decision making integrating the best available research with clinical expertise.
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29
Therapeutic alliance
A bond of trust between a therapist and client working together to overcome problems.
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30
Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
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31
Antipsychotic drugs
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and severe thought disorders.
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32
Antianxiety drugs
Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
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33
Antidepressant drugs
Drugs used to treat depressive disorders and anxiety disorders.
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34
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A biomedical therapy for severe depression involving electric currents through the brain.
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35
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
The application of magnetic energy to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
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36
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior.
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37
Lobotomy
A psychosurgical procedure used to calm uncontrollably emotional patients.
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38
Hypnosis
A social interaction where one person suggests perceptions, feelings, or behaviors to another.
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39
Dissociation
A split in consciousness allowing thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously.
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40
Posthypnotic suggestion
A suggestion made during hypnosis to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.
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41
Posttraumatic growth
Positive psychological changes following a struggle with challenging circumstances.
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